Abstract Purpose There is limited evidence on the efficacy and safety of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-/anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-based immunotherapy in the elderly, particularly those aged over 75 years. Methods/patients The clinical response and toxicity profile of anti-PD-1-/anti-PD-L1-based immunotherapy in patients aged over...
Abstract Purpose To determine whether cytomegalovirus is causally associated with breast cancer and whether cytomegalovirus should be categorised as an oncogenic virus. Methods We undertook a review of published epidemiological and laboratory studies, using established causal criteria: Bradford Hill criteria to determine whether cytomegalovirus is associated...
Abstract Radiation acts not only through cell death but has also angiogenic, immunomodulatory and bystander effects. The realization of its systemic implications has led to extensive research on the combination of radiotherapy with systemic treatments, including immunotherapy and antiangiogenic agents. Parameters such as dose, fractionation and sequencing of treatments are key determinants of the outcome. However, recent high-quality research indicates that these are not the only...
Abstract Purpose Immunotherapy is a new standard first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with high programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (≥ 50%) and second-line treatment regardless of PD-L1 status, though not all patients benefit from this approach. Much effort is ongoing to identify robust prognostic and predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, overcoming PD-L1 that appears limited...
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