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Article Type:
Amr AlBakry, Mahmoud M. Taha, Hassan A. Al MenshawyArticle Type:
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt,
- Departments of Neurosurgery, AlMokatam Insurance Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
Mahmoud M. Taha
Departments of Neurosurgery, AlMokatam Insurance Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
DOI:10.25259/SNI-266-2019
Copyright: © 2019 Surgical Neurology International This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
How to cite this article: Amr AlBakry, Mahmoud M. Taha, Hassan A. Al Menshawy. Cranial migration of lumboperitoneal shunt: A case report and review of literature. 28-Jun-2019;10:124
How to cite this URL: Amr AlBakry, Mahmoud M. Taha, Hassan A. Al Menshawy. Cranial migration of lumboperitoneal shunt: A case report and review of literature. 28-Jun-2019;10:124. Available from: http://surgicalneurologyint.com/surgicalint-articles/9436/
Abstract
Case Description: Here, we present a case of a 16-year-old female, diagnosed with BIH, who had a proximal shunt migration 4 months after surgery and was managed conservatively, along with the review of literature.
Conclusion: Although it is associated with a high complication rate, lumboperitoneal shunt is very effective in the management of many disorders. One of the most common complications is shunt migration. While many mechanisms explaining shunt migration have been hypothesized, the most important single preventing factor for preventing shunt migration remains proper fixation of the shunt.
Keywords: Cranial, Lumboperitoneal shunt, Migration, Proximal
INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
Figure 1:
Anteroposterior X-ray showing the proximal end of the shunt migrating up to the vault of the skull.Figure 2:
Sagittal computed tomography scan of the full spine and skull showing the shunt extending up to the cranial cavity.Figure 3:
Sagittal computed tomography scan of the skull showing the cranial end migrating up to the ventricle.Figure 4:
Axial computed tomography of the brain showing the proximal end of the shunt in the frontal horn.DISCUSSION
Yoshida et al. reported two cases of communicating hydrocephalus where the shunt migrated into the thoracic theca, the shunt was pulled back to place and a reservoir chamber was added to fix it in place and patients remained symptom free.[11 ]
In the case reported by Bunc et al., they had an LP shunt placed for the management of posttraumatic hydrocephalus with neck infection, which interfered with implantation of a VP shunt. The patient’s symptoms started to improve followed by deterioration, radiological investigation showed the shunt to migrate to the ambient and prepontine cistern, removing the shunt from its new site was risky, especially that it was not causing any symptoms and the decision was to leave it in place and insert a VP shunt.[3 ]
In Alleyne et al., a 38-year-old female had a lumboperitoneal shunt inserted for BIH; 2 months later, the shunt migrated proximally into the thecal sac with recurrence of symptoms, surgical intervention was done, and the shunt was pulled back to place with improvement of the symptoms; 3 months later, symptoms recurred and the shunt was found to migrate into the posterior fossa and surgical removal was difficult and the plan was to leave it in place and insert a VP shunt.[1 ]
Carroll and Jakubowski reported that a shunt placed for BIH which migrated entirely into the spinal canal and was removed through a laminectomy.[4 ]
Rodrigues et al. reported three cases of LP shunt migration; a 37-year-old female had an LP shunt which migrated into the thecal sac to opposite D11 following a road traffic accident and was removed through a laminectomy and a new shunt was inserted and fixed tightly to rectus abdominus and lumbar fascia; a 26-year-old female had an LP shunt placed for BIH, 3 years later, the shunt migrated to opposite D10 after normal vaginal delivery and was retrieved and a new one was put, a 20-year-old female had an LP shunt for the management of BIH, and after an attack of acute bronchitis and severe cough, the shunt migrated into the 4th ventricle and was left in place and a new one was applied.[8 ] We notice that all the cases were associated with an increase in the intra-abdominal pressure.
The case reported by Solaroglu et al. was a 40-year-old female with CSF rhinorrhea following surgical removal of a clival tumor. Postoperatively, the proximal end of the shunt was found inside the foramina with severe radicular pain, the patient was taken to theater and the shunt was pulled back.[10 ]
Anthogalidis et al. reported a 48-year-old female with CSF fistula, who had the shunt slipped after 1 year into the left thalamus. The shunt was a one-piece valveless shunt. Removing the shunt was associated with a high risk of injury, so decision was to leave it in place and insert a new VP shunt.[2 ]
The case by Satow et al. was a 50-year-old female who had hydrocephalus following SAH. An LP shunt was inserted and 3 days later, no improvement in symptoms or CT imaging was noticed. The shunt migrated intrathecally and the peritoneal end slipped out of the peritoneal cavity. Shunt revision was done and repositioned with proper fixation. They conveyed the shunt migration to the movement of the spine which acts like a driving force pushing the shunt from its place.[9 ]
CONCLUSION
Declaration of patient consent
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Conflicts of interest
References
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