The First Report on Incidence of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Sabah, Borneo

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The First Report on Incidence of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Sabah, Borneo Via O.R.L. Journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its borderlands Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the fourth common cancer in Malaysia. A few studies have looked into the incidence of NPC in Malaysia in general, but there has been no published data on its incidence in Sabah specifically, where NPC is very common among the population. The aim of this study is to present the first report on the incidence of NPC in the state of Sabah, Borneo. Methods: Data of all patients diagnosed with NPC over a 5-year period from Ja nuary 2015 to December 2019 inclusive were collected from the NPC registry of 3 main hospitals in Sabah. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) for different genders, ethnicities, and districts of origin were calculated. Results: 215 NPC patients were identified with a mean age at diagnosis of 49 (range 9–82). The ASR of NPC was 7.9/100,000 where the average age-adjusted male-to-female ratio was 2.4. The highest ASR was found in Dusun ethnicity in both male (3.19/100,000) and female (1.69/100,000) individuals, followed by Chinese (both genders), and Kadazan (for male individuals) and Bajau (for female individuals). The highest ASR was found in patients originating from Sandakan, Kota Kinabalu, Keningau, and Tawau. Conclusion: This is the first report on the incidence of NPC in Sabah, Borneo. The data suggest high ASRs among the population, especially in male Dusun and Chinese ethnic groups. Further research looking into NPC in this state, especially on risk fact ors and ways to improve diagnosis and prevention among the population, is recommended. ORL View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Mutational analysis of apoptotic genes in familial aggregation of hematological malignancies

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Mutational analysis of apoptotic genes in familial aggregation of hematological malignancies Via Association française pour l'étude du cancer Bull Cancer. 2021 Jun 14:S0007-4551(21)00207-1. doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.04.009. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Apoptosis deregulation have been associated to tumorigenesis process and was highlighted as a prominent hallmark of cancer. Several mutations have been reported in several forms of Blood cancer. However, it has never been investigated in familial aggregations of hematological malignancies. METHODS: In this study, we performed a mutational analysis by sequencing the entire coding regions in four key apoptotic genes FAS, FASLG, CASP8 and CASP10 in 92 independent families belonging to French and Tunisian populations and diagnosed with several forms of familial hematological malignancies. RESULTS: We report 15 genetic variations among which 7 were previously reported in several form of cancers and have a potential effect on gene expression. Particularly, the CASP8 variants p.Asp302His and p.Lys337Lys were detected in 15% and 10% of our group of patients respectively and were previously reported in association to breast cancer and to breast cancer susceptibility. DISCUSSION: In this study, we do not report the underlining deleterious mutations in familial hematological malignancies, but we describe some variants with potential risk of developing blood cancer. To gain further insights on the association between apoptosis pathway deregulation and familial hematological malignancies, more apoptotic genes should be investigated. PMID:34140154 | DOI:10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.04.009 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer Via Association française pour l'étude du cancer Bull Cancer. 2021 Jun 14:S0007-4551(21)00201-0. doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.03.018. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The management of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer has improved significantly in the past few years with preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and total mesorectal excision. The rate of local recurrence is now around 5 % while the risk of metastatic recurrence has not been reduced which is about 30 %. The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy remains questionable apart from patients with ypN+tumor after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for whom FOLFOX is an option. In recent years, several therapeutic trials have evaluated the benefit of extending the time between the end of RT and surgery and/or the benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, administered as induction (before RT) or in consolidation (after RT and before surgery). The first results of two positive phase 3 trials, PRODIGE 23 and RAPIDO, have been reported in 2 020. The two regimens evaluated in these trials are markedly different but have shown that neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly reduces the risk of distant metastasis. Current developments largely related to a de-escalation of therapy: organ conservation according to a "Watch and Wait" strategy or local resection of the scar, administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy without RT. These therapeutic strategies have not yet been validated but should be in the news tomorrow. The purpose of this review is to present recent data reported in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. PMID:34140155 | DOI:10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.03.018 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Evaluation of third ventriculostomy outcome by measuring optic nerve sheath diameter in adult hdyrocephalus

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Evaluation of third ventriculostomy outcome by measuring optic nerve sheath diameter in adult hdyrocephalus Via Sociedad Luso-Española de Neurocirugía Neurocirugia (Astur). 2021 Jun 14:S1130-1473(21)00054-3. doi: 10.1016/j.neucir.2021.04.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: It is difficult to demonstrate the success of the procedure in patients with third ventriculostomy. We evaluated that optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement, which can reflect intracranial pressure, may be a criterion for decision of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) success. METHODS: 28 adult patients suffering long overt standing ventriculomegaly (LOVA) who performed ETV were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups as successful (group A) and failed ETV group (group B) according to their postoperative evaluation. ONSD was measured on pre- and post-operative computed tomography (CT) and Evan's index (EI), diameter of third ventricule (V3), the patency of ETV stoma and periventricular edema were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESU LTS: The mean ONSD was measured as 6.39±0.92mm for the right eye, 6.50±0.91mm for the left eye on preoperative CT. The mean ONSD by CT (after surgery) was 4.89±0.87mm for the right eye, 5.02±0.1mm for the left eye (p<0.05). Postoperative group A and group B were compared according to ONSD measurement; mean ONSD in group A was 4.52±0.69mm for the right and 4.59±0.9mm for the left, mean ONSD in group B was 5.82±0.51mm for the right and 6.1±0.32mm for the left (p<0.05). The best ONSD value for detecting failed ETV was 5.40mm (sensitivity 90%, specifity 75%, AUROC 0.938) for right and 5.91mm (sensitivity 90%, specifity 75%, AUROC 0.950) for left. EE was measured as 0.39±0.12mm on preoperative MRI and 0.39±0.12mm on postoperative MRI (p=0.3). V3 was measured as 14.7±2.47mm on preoperative MRI and 10.47±1.99mm on postoperative MRI (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The statistical values obtained from study show that the ONSD measurement can help in the postoperative evaluat ion of patients, who had a ETV surgery. PMID:34140223 | DOI:10.1016/j.neucir.2021.04.004 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) system in the brain: possible involvement in Neuro-Covid

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) system in the brain: possible involvement in Neuro-Covid Via Cellular and Molecular Biology Histol Histopathol. 2021 Jun 18:18356. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-356. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The brain has its own intrinsic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with all its components present in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent data demonstrate that also the main components of the angiotensin concerting enzyme 2 (ACE2) system (at least ACE2 itself, as well as the biologically active angiotensin (1-7) and its cognate receptor Mas) are expressed in the brain. Aside from these members, alamadine and MrgD are discussed as further members that have neuro-active roles in the CNS. Little is known about the possible functions of MrgD within the brain. Concerning angiotensin (1-7) acting through the Mas receptor, data were accumulating that this system is involved in numerous processes contributing to neuronal plasticity and even learning and memory. Malfunctions in the brain ACE2 system are associated with disturbances in neuronal plast icity. Since SARS-CoV-2 has a high affinity towards ACE2, Neuro-Covid may directly or indirectly depend on a disturbed balance in the ACE2 derived angiotensin system in the brain. Since the ACE2 system in the brain is far from being understood, a deeper understanding of e.g. the angiotensin (1-7) / Mas system is needed, especially with regard to the roles of angiotensin (1-7) in neuronal plasticity. PMID:34142714 | DOI:10.14670/HH-18-356 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Prevalence of Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Relation to Cleft Width and Type

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Prevalence of Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Relation to Cleft Width and Type Via The Laryngoscope Objectives/Hypothesis The prevalence of tympanostomy tube surgery (TTS) in patients with a cleft deformity was investigated, in relation to cleft width and cleft type. Study Design Retrospective review of medical health records. Methods Retrospective review of medical health records. Seventy-eight patients with non-syndromic cleft deformity of the palate and/or alveolus and lip between 2003 and 2017 were investigated. All available medical documents were analyzed. The study group was divided into subgroups: 1) patients with isolated cleft palate (CP) and patients with a cleft palate with cleft lip and alveolus (CLP). 2) According to Veau's classification (I–IV), further subgroups were defined. Cleft width was measured using plaster cast models. Results TTS was performed in 55% of the patients (n = 43). Considering Veau's classification, TTS was conducted as follows: Veau I 65.2% (n = 15/23), Veau II 55.0% (n = 11/20), Veau III 47.6% (n = 10/21), and Veau IV 50.0% (n = 7/14). Cleft classifications, maxillary arch width, and absolute/relative cleft width had no statistical impact on TTS occurrence. Although no significant correlation could be found, patients in our study group with CP (Veau I and II) underwent TTS more often (60.5%, n = 26/43) than patients with CPL (Veau III and IV; 48.6%, n = 17/35) during a three-year follow-up. Conclusion None of the cleft characteristics examined had a significant impact on the proportion of patients who received TTS. Nevertheless, patients with lower Veau classification and CP received tympanostomy tubes more often. Therefore, otolaryngologists and pediatricians treating children with cleft palate should maintain a high level of suspicion for chronic middle ear effusion, even in patients with small clefts. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The History of Pediatric and Adult Hearing Screening

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The History of Pediatric and Adult Hearing Screening Via The Laryngoscope Objectives/Hypothesis To document the history of hearing seeing in children and adults. Study Design A literature search in all languages was carried out with the terms of hearing screening from the following sources: Pub Med, Science Direct, World Catalog, Index Medicus, Google scholar, Google Books, National Library of Medicine, Welcome historical library and The Library of Congress. Methods The primary sources consisting of books, scientific reports, public documents, governmental reports, and other written material were analyzed to document the history of hearing screening. Results The concept of screening for medical conditions that, when found, could influence some form of the outcome of the malady came about during the end of 19th century. The first applications of screening were to circumscribe populations, schoolchildren, military personnel, and railroad employees. During the first half of the 20th century, screening programs were extended to similar populations and were able to be expanded on the basis of the improved technology of hearing testing. The concept of universal screening was first applied to the inborn errors of metabolism of newborn infants and particularly the assessment of phenylketonuria in 1963 by Guthrie and Susi. A limited use of this technique has been the detection of genes resulting in hearing loss. The use of a form of hearing testing either observational or physiological as a screen for all newborns was first articulated by Larry Fisch in 1957 and by the end of the 20th century newborn infant screening for hearing loss became th e standard almost every nation worldwide. Conclusions Hearing screening for newborn infants is utilized worldwide, schoolchildren less so and for adults many industrial workers and military service undergo hearing screening, but this is not a general practice for screening the elderly. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Programmed Death‐Ligand 1 Expression and Tumor‐Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Temporal Bone Squamous Cell Carcinoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Programmed Death‐Ligand 1 Expression and Tumor‐Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Temporal Bone Squamous Cell Carcinoma Via The Laryngoscope Objectives/Hypothesis The tumor immune microenvironment in temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC), including the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), has not been established. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods We performed immunohistochemistry analyses to retrospectively analyze 123 TBSCC cases for PD-L1 expression and TILs and their prognostic significance. We also evaluated the prognostic correlations between these immunomarkers and the therapeutic responses to chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Results PD-L1 expression (≥1%) was detected in 62 (50.4%) TBSCC cases and was significantly associated with worse prognosis: progression-free survival (PFS), P < .0001; overall survival (OS), P = .0009. A high density of CD8+ TILs was significantly associated with better prognosis (PFS, P = .0012; OS, P = .0120). In contrast, a high density of Foxp3+ TILs tended to be associated with an unfavorable prognosis (PFS, P = .0148; OS, P = .0850). With regard to the tumor microenvironment subtypes defined by CD8+ TILs and PD-L1 expression, the CD8low/PD-L1+ group showed significantly worse prognosis. Among the 36 neoadjuvant CRT-treated cases, PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with worse OS (P = .0132). Among the 32 CRT-treated cases without surgery, a high density of CD8+ TILs tended to be more highly associated with complete response to CRT compared to a low density of CD8+ TILs (P = .0702). Conclusions These results indicate that the evaluation of the tumor immune microenvironment may contribute to the prediction of prognoses and the selection of an individualized therapeutic strategy for patients with TBSCC. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Impact of Close Margins in Head and Neck Mucosal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Impact of Close Margins in Head and Neck Mucosal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review Via The Laryngoscope Objectives/Hypothesis The aim of the study is to investigate whether close surgical margins impact oncologic outcomes compared to clear or involved surgical margins. We hypothesize that close surgical margins portend worse outcomes compared with clear margins, but improved outcomes compared with involved margins. Study Design Systematic review. Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement standards, a systematic search was conducted for studies that reported oncologic outcomes following excision of primary mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A meta-analysis was then performed, comparing local recurrence (LR), locoregional recurrence (LRR), and overall survival (OS) in patients with clear, close, and involved margins. Results Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, totaling 8,435 patients. About 96% of our included cases involved the oral cavity, 2% involved the oropharynx, and 2% other. Also, 68% of cases were T1/T2 and 32% were T3/T4. On meta-analysis, clear margins were associated with lower incidence of 5-year LR relative risk (RR) 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.65) and higher 5-year OS (RR 1.22, 1.11–1.35), when compared with close margins. Involved margins had higher incidence of 5-year LR (RR 1.75, 1.16–2.64), higher incidence of LRR at last follow-up (RR 1.66, 1.37–2.00), and no difference in 5-year OS (RR 0.82, 0.60–1.11), when compared with close margins. Conclusions There is a stepwise improvement in oncologic outcomes as surgical margin categorically improves from involved to close to clear. Patients with close margins therefore may benefit from adjuvant therapy. Further research is required to investigate whether these findings are seen in non-oral cavity cases because they were underrepresented in this analysis. Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Risk factors for surgical site infection in pediatric posterior fossa tumors

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Risk factors for surgical site infection in pediatric posterior fossa tumors Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid Childs Nerv Syst. 2021 Jun 17. doi: 10.1007/s00381-021-05256-y. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Posterior fossa tumors are the most frequent pediatric solid tumor. Its main treatment is a surgical resection. Being a frequent procedure does not mean that it is exempt from complications, such as surgical site infections (SSI). The main objective of this paper is to study the risk factors associated with SSI following a resection of posterior fossa tumors in a purely pediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study including all posterior fossa tumor surgeries performed at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2019 was conducted. All patients with a diagnosis of a postoperative SSI have been included as cases, and those who had surgery and no infectious complications have been considered as controls. RESULTS: When analyzing risk factors, we have found that patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (V PS) (p = 0.03) or external ventricular drainage (EVD) (p = 0.005) placement had a greater chance of presenting a postoperative surgical site infection. Prolonged operative time (p < 0.001) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak through the wound (p = 0.002) also caused an increase in the risk of SSI in the postoperative period. A higher hemoglobin value (p = 0.002) would seem to be a preventive factor. CONCLUSIONS: Some strategies that could help to reduce the risk of infections are managing hydrocephalus preferably with endoscopic third ventriculostomy, minimizing the needed operative time to perform the procedure, obtaining an adequate serum hemoglobin level, and avoiding CSF leak through the wound. PMID:3414 2227 | DOI:10.1007/s00381-021-05256-y View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Recommendations for use of topical inhalant budesonide in COVID-19 : A position paper of the German Society for Applied Allergology (AeDA) and the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (DGHNO). German version

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Recommendations for use of topical inhalant budesonide in COVID-19 : A position paper of the German Society for Applied Allergology (AeDA) and the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (DGHNO). German version Via hno HNO. 2021 Jun 17. doi: 10.1007/s00106-021-01084-3. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:34142164 | DOI:10.1007/s00106-021-01084-3 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.