The premise of precision cancer medicine is elegantly simple. The basic concept involves the analysis — molecular and otherwise — of a tumor to identify key attributes that allow for the selection of therapeutic agents with a high likelihood of killing that particular tumor, while minimizing side…
Clinicopathological features, including tumor size, histologic grade, and the presence of axillary lymph-node metastases, provide prognostic information about disease recurrence in women who have localized breast cancer after surgery, but these features have not been shown to be predictive of…
In July 2018, the Journal published the results of TAILORx (Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment). This randomized trial conducted by Sparano et al. showed the noninferiority of endocrine therapy to chemoendocrine therapy with respect to invasive disease–free survival among women…
Affecting an estimated 100,000 Americans and millions worldwide, sickle cell disease is among the most common inherited blood disorders in humans and is associated with profound complications and premature death. The pathophysiology of sickle cell disease begins with a single amino acid…
To the Editor: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are broadly active treatments for cancer, but they can result in immune-related adverse events. Immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced myocarditis occurs infrequently (in We present a case in which the use of abatacept (a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated…
Presentation of Case. Dr. Alexander Melamed: A 24-year-old woman was seen in the emergency department of this hospital because of a pelvic mass. The patient had been well until 4 weeks before this presentation, when she began to notice an increased frequency of vaginal bleeding. At that time, an…
Women with locally advanced (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stage III or IVA) endometrial carcinoma are a heterogeneous group of patients who are at risk for both local and systemic disease recurrence. Clinical and pathologic factors affecting the risk of recurrence…
To the Editor: Myocarditis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as programmed death 1 (PD-1) therapy, although representing less than 1% of immune-related adverse events, is a potentially fatal condition that was associated with a mortality of 42% in a large series. This condition overlaps…
Most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are older than 70 years of age and have clinically relevant coexisting conditions. Such patients require more effective but less toxic regimens. The CLL11 trial established chlorambucil–obinutuzumab as a standard of care in these patients. BCL2…
Almost all cancers arise in organs and tissues containing cells that have the ability, for the lifetime of the organism, to replicate in order to maintain and replace cells that are lost because of aging or damage. For example, the entire lining of the gut is replaced approximately every 7 days,…
Although breast cancer is known to be more aggressive and to be associated with a poorer prognosis in younger women than in older women, the recommended treatment for hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative advanced breast cancer in premenopausal and…
Historically, metastatic melanoma has been associated with a poor prognosis, but the introduction of BRAF- and MEK-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors has substantially improved outcomes in these patients. Each of these therapies — including drugs that target programmed cell death 1…
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