Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer

pay.thelady61 shared this article with you from Inoreader Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer Via Frontiers in Oncology | New and Recent Articles A higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is found in males compared to females. Young women (18–44 years) with CRC have a better survival outcome compared to men of the same age or compared to older women (over 50 years), indicating a global incidence of sexual dimorphism in CRC rates and survival. This suggests a protective role for the sex steroid hormone estrogen in CRC development. Key proliferative pathways in CRC tumorigenesis exhibit sexual dimorphism, which confer better survival in females th rough estrogen regulated genes and cell signaling. Estrogen regulates the activity of a class of Kv channels (KCNQ1:KCNE3), which control fundamental ion transport functions of the colon and epithelial mesenchymal transition through bi-directional interactions with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Estrogen also modulates CRC proliferative responses in hypoxia via the novel membrane estrogen receptor GPER and HIF1A and VEGF signaling. Here we critically review recent clinical and molecular insights into sexual dimorphism of CRC biology modulated by the tumor microenvironment, estrogen, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, ion channels, and X-linked genes. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Microbiome Related Cytotoxically Active CD8+ TIL Are Inversely Associated With Lung Cancer Development

pay.thelady61 shared this article with you from Inoreader Microbiome Related Cytotoxically Active CD8+ TIL Are Inversely Associated With Lung Cancer Development Via Frontiers in Oncology | New and Recent Articles Lung cancer is the most common cancer type around the world. Although major advances in cancer therapy, lung cancer has been the largest proportion of all cancer-related deaths. The respiratory tract contains many types of bacteria and a distinct lung microbiome in lung cancer patients was described in many studies. The specific roles of these lung microorganisms in lung cancer progression remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of inhalation of bronchoalveolar fluid (BAL) in the lung cancer c ell growth. The microbiome-based immune and carcinogenesis was examined in tumor-bearing mouse model. We found that inhalation of BAL collected from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients altered the lung microbiota and inhibited tumor cell growth. The inhibitory effect was due to the infiltration of CD3 and CD8+ T cells and decrease of M2 macrophages in lungs. The microbial communities of NSCLC BAL inhalation group were dominated by Pasteurella, whereas the microbial communities of non-cancer control and PBS inhalation group were dominated by Delftia. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) indicated that the genera Pasteurella, Pseudomonas, and Chryseobacterium were increased in NSCLC BAL inhalation group, while genera Delftia, Ezakiella, Blautia, Cloacibacterium, and Microvirga et al. were increased in PBS and Non-cancer group. We demonstrated a significant positive correlation between Pasteurella and cytotoxic CD8+ TIL and a negative correlation with M 2 macrophages. Coriobacteriaceae was positively correlated with M2 macrophages and negatively correlated with CD8+ cells. The abundance of Pasteurella was negatively correlated with tumor cell growth. Our findings provide a promising strategy that can be used as a therapeutic vaccine for lung cancer patients. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cone-Beam-CT Guided Adaptive Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Enables Quality Assurance and Superior Sparing of Healthy Lung

pay.thelady61 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cone-Beam-CT Guided Adaptive Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Enables Quality Assurance and Superior Sparing of Healthy Lung Via Frontiers in Oncology | New and Recent Articles Purpose To evaluate the potential of cone-beam-CT (CB-CT) guided adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for sparing of surrounding organs-at-risk (OAR). Materials and Methods In 10 patients with locally advanced NSCLC, daily CB-CT imaging was acquired during radio- (n = 4) or radiochemotherapy (n = 6) for simulation of ART. Patients were treated with conventionally fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with total doses of 60–66 Gy (pPlan) (311 fraction CB-CTs). OAR were segmented on every daily CB-CT and the tumor volumes were modified weekly depending on tumor changes. Doses actually delivered were recalculated on daily images (dPlan), and voxel-wise dose accumulation was performed using a deformable registration algorithm. For simulation of ART, treatment plans were adapted using the new contours and re-optimized weekly (aPlan). Results CB-CT showed continuous tumor regression of 1.1 ± 0.4% per day, leading to a residual gross tumor volume (GTV) of 65.3 ± 13.4% after 6 weeks of radiotherapy (p = 0.005). Corresponding PTVs decreased to 83.7 ± 7.8% (p = 0.005). In the actually delivered plans (dPlan), both conformity (p = 0.005) and homogeneity (p = 0.059) indices were impaired compared to the initial plans (pPlan). This resulted in higher actual lung doses than planned: V20Gy was 34.6 ± 6.8% instead of 32.8 ± 4.9% (p = 0.066), mean lung dose was 19.0 ± 3.1 Gy instead of 17.9 ± 2.5 Gy (p = 0.013). The generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) of the lung was 18.9 ± 3.1 Gy instead of 17.8 ± 2.5 Gy (p = 0.013), leading to an increased lung normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of 15.2 ± 13.9% instead of 9.6 ± 7.3% (p = 0.017). Weekly plan adaptation enabled decreased lung V20Gy of 31.6 ± 6.2% (−3.0%, p = 0.007), decreased mean lung dose of 17.7 ± 2.9 Gy (−1.3 Gy, p = 0.005), and decreased lung gEUD of 17.6 ± 2.9 Gy (−1.3 Gy, p = 0.005). Thus, resulting lung NTCP was reduced to 10.0 ± 9.5% (−5.2%, p = 0.005). Target volume coverage represented by conformity and homogeneity indices could be improved by weekly plan adaptation (CI: p = 0.007, HI: p = 0.114) and reached levels of the initial plan (CI: p = 0.721, HI: p = 0.333). Conclusion IGRT with CB-CT detects continuous GTV and PTV changes. CB-CT-guided ART for locally advanced NSCLC is feasible and enables superior sparing of healthy lung at high levels of plan conformity. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Differentiating Combined Hepatocellular Cholangiocarcinoma From Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

pay.thelady61 shared this article with you from Inoreader Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Differentiating Combined Hepatocellular Cholangiocarcinoma From Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Via Frontiers in Oncology | New and Recent Articles Objectives To establish a nomogram based on preoperative laboratory study variables using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression for differentiating combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC) from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of iCCA and cHCC patients who underwent liver resection. Blood signatures were established using LASSO regression, and then, the clinical risk factors based on the multivariate logistic regre ssion and blood signatures were combined to establish a nomogram for a differential preoperative diagnosis between iCCA and cHCC. The differential accuracy ability of the nomogram was determined by Harrell's index (C-index) and decision curve analysis, and the results were validated using a validation set. Furthermore, patients were categorized into two groups according to the optimal cut-off values of the nomogram-based scores, and their survival differences were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results A total of 587 patients who underwent curative liver resection for iCCA or cHCC between January 2008 and December 2017 at West China Hospital were enrolled in this study. The cHCC score was based on the personalized levels of the seven laboratory study variables. On multivariate logistic analysis, the independent factors for distinguishing cHCC were age, sex, biliary duct stones, and portal hypertension, all of which were incorporated into the nomogram combined with the cH CC-score. The nomogram had a good discriminating capability, with a C-index of 0.796 (95% CI, 0.752–0.840). The calibration plot for distinguishing cHCC from iCCA showed optimal agreement between the nomogram prediction and actual observation in the training and validation sets. The decision curves indicated significant clinical usefulness. Conclusion The nomogram showed good accuracy for the differential diagnosis between iCCA and cHCC preoperatively, and therapeutic decisions would improve if it was applied in clinical practice. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Chinese Herbal Medicine for Reducing Chemotherapy-Associated Side-Effects in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

pay.thelady61 shared this article with you from Inoreader Chinese Herbal Medicine for Reducing Chemotherapy-Associated Side-Effects in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Via Frontiers in Oncology | New and Recent Articles Background Chemotherapy usually induces a variety of side-effects in cancer treatment as it cannot tell normal cells apart from cancer cells and kills both. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been regarded as a potential effective intervention for relieving the side-effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Objective This study aims to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of CHM as adjuvant therapy for reducing the chemotherapy-induced side-effects i n the treatment of breast cancer. Methods Main electronic databases were searched up to May 2020 for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of CHM on breast cancer patients with chemotherapy. The PRISMA statement was adopted in this study and meta-analyses were performed. Results The included studies showed unsatisfied quality. Results based on available literature indicated that the adjunctive use of CHM with chemotherapy may reduce the chemotherapeutic agents-associated adverse events, including nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, alopecia, myelosuppression, and impaired immune function. Conclusion A confident conclusion could not be have due to the lack of large scale and high quality trials. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Role of Specific B-Cell Receptor Antigens in Lymphomagenesis

pay.thelady61 shared this article with you from Inoreader Role of Specific B-Cell Receptor Antigens in Lymphomagenesis Via Frontiers in Oncology | New and Recent Articles The B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway is a crucial pathway of B cells, both for their survival and for antigen-mediated activation, proliferation and differentiation. Its activation is also critical for the genesis of many lymphoma types. BCR-mediated lymphoma proliferation may be caused by activating BCR-pathway mutations and/or by active or tonic stimulation of the BCR. BCRs of lymphomas have frequently been described as polyreactive. In this review, the role of specific target antigens of the BCRs o f lymphomas is highlighted. These antigens have been found to be restricted to specific lymphoma entities. The antigens can be of infectious origin, such as H. pylori in gastric MALT lymphoma or RpoC of M. catarrhalis in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, or they are autoantigens. Examples of such autoantigens are the BCR itself in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, LRPAP1 in mantle cell lymphoma, hyper-N-glycosylated SAMD14/neurabin-I in primary central nervous system lymphoma, hypo-phosphorylated ARS2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and hyper-phosphorylated SLP2, sumoylated HSP90 or saposin C in plasma cell dyscrasia. Notably, atypical posttranslational modifications are often responsible for the immunogenicity of many autoantigens. Possible therapeutic approaches evolving from these specific antigens are discussed. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Reconstruction of Immune Microenvironment and Signaling Pathways in Endometrioid Endometrial Adenocarcinoma During Formation of Lymphovascular Space Involvement and Lymph Node Metastasis

pay.thelady61 shared this article with you from Inoreader Reconstruction of Immune Microenvironment and Signaling Pathways in Endometrioid Endometrial Adenocarcinoma During Formation of Lymphovascular Space Involvement and Lymph Node Metastasis Via Frontiers in Oncology | New and Recent Articles Background The amplification or mutation of oncogenes and escape from immune surveillance systems promote tumor metastasis. However, subtle changes in the immune microenvironment and signaling pathways are poorly understood during the formation of lymphovascular space involvement (LVSI) and lymph node (LN) metastasis of endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EEA). Patients and methods We detected tumor immunology-related signaling pathways and immunocyte subtypes according to the mRNA levels of 750 onco genes and genes relating to the tumor microenvironment and immune response using the Nanostring PanCancer IO 360 Panel in 24 paraffin-embedded tissues of EEAs and benign gynecological diseases. Internal reference genes were used for data normalization. Results Angiogenesis and immune cell adhesion signaling pathways were activated during LVSI formation of EEA progression. However, during the development of LVSI to LN metastasis, immune system signaling pathways were significantly inhibited, including antigen presentation, cytotoxicity, lymphoid compartment, interferon signaling, and costimulatory signaling pathways. Immune-related genes (CD69, HLA-DOA, ATF3, GBP1, AP2, DTX3L, EGR1, GBP4, TAP1, EIF2AK2, MX1, ISG15, STAT1, and HLA-DRA) were significantly downregulated in EEA with LN metastasis compared to those in EEA with LVSI. Instead, hypoxia, metabolic stress, epigenetic regulation, matrix remodeling, and metastasis signaling pathways were continuously activated in LN metasta sis. We also found that neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells might be involved in LVSI formation and LN metastasis in EEA. Conclusions EEA with metastatic LNs showed significant immunosuppressive effects. Some oncogenes, matrix remodeling- and hypoxia-related genes, and neutrophil signatures showed higher expression, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets and offering new immunotherapy strategies in EEA during LN metastasis. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Microsurgical Lymphedema Treatment:

pay.thelady61 shared this article with you from Inoreader Microsurgical Lymphedema Treatment: an Objective Evaluation of the Quality of Online Information Via Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery Lymphedema affects almost 300 million people world-wide. Recent advances in microsurgery introduced two promising physiologic surgical treatments: lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) and vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT). Patients seek for information about their pathology and treatment options, searching on the Web mostly. The quality of online health-related information remains doubtful and the authors aimed to assess it for what concerns LVA and VLNT procedures.The expanded Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) scale was applied to 17 selected websites that deal with LVA and 28 with VLNT. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Morning serum cortisol is superior to salivary cortisone and cortisol in predicting normal adrenal function in suspected adrenal insufficiency

pay.thelady61 shared this article with you from Inoreader Morning serum cortisol is superior to salivary cortisone and cortisol in predicting normal adrenal function in suspected adrenal insufficiency Via Clinical Endocrinology Abstract A low index of suspicion for adrenal insufficiency (AI) is necessary to avoid catastrophic missed diagnoses. In consequence most short synacthen tests (SSTs), the first‐line investigation in suspected adrenal insufficiency (AI), are normal since they mainly exclude AI. A SST is invasive, labour intensive and requires the patient to attend hospital for the test to be performed under supervision. Consequently, morning serum cortisol cut‐offs have been derived to identify patients with an unequivocal pass or fail in a SST, thus reducing the need for SSTs.1 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The role of the superior parietal lobule in lexical processing of sign language: Insights from fMRI and TMS

pay.thelady61 shared this article with you from Inoreader The role of the superior parietal lobule in lexical processing of sign language: Insights from fMRI and TMS Via Cortex Publication date: Available online 8 December 2020 Source: Cortex Author(s): A. Banaszkiewicz, Bola Ł., J. Matuszewski, M. Szczepanik, B. Kossowski, P. Mostowski, P. Rutkowski, M. Śliwińska, K. Jednoróg, K. Emmorey, A. Marchewka View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Enhanced recovery after breast reconstruction with a pedicled Latissimus Dorsi flap - A prospective clinical study

pay.thelady61 shared this article with you from Inoreader Enhanced recovery after breast reconstruction with a pedicled Latissimus Dorsi flap - A prospective clinical study Via Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery We have previously implemented and published an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program for autologous breast reconstruction using DIEP flaps. The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is another commonly used flap for autologous breast reconstruction (ABR). The aim of the present study was to use our experience from the ERAS program in DIEP flap reconstruction to optimize our LD breast reconstruction program. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Brain MRI post-processing with MAP07 in the preoperative evaluation of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy

pay.thelady61 shared this article with you from Inoreader Brain MRI post-processing with MAP07 in the preoperative evaluation of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy – Croatian single centre experience Via Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Publication date: Available online 8 December 2020 Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery Author(s): Andreja Bujan Kovac, Zeljka Petelin Gadze, Milan Rados, Magdalena Krbot Skoric, Goran Mrak, Jakob Nemir, Milan Milosevic, Sanja Hajnsek View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.