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Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

Tuesday, May 26, 2020


<i>Toxoplasma</i>  GRA15 and GRA24 are important activators of the host innate immune response in the absence of TLR11
by Debanjan Mukhopadhyay, David Arranz-Solís, Jeroen P. J. Saeij The murine innate immune response against Toxoplasma gondii is predominated by the interaction of TLR11/12 with Toxoplasma profilin. However, mice lacking Tlr11 or humans, who do not have functional TLR11 or TLR12, still elicit a strong innate immune response upon Toxoplasma infection. The parasite factors that determine this immune response are largely unknown. Herein, we investigated two dense granule proteins (GRAs) secreted...
PLOS Pathogens: New Articles
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Host syndecan-1 promotes listeriosis by inhibiting intravascular neutrophil extracellular traps
by Rafael S. Aquino, Atsuko Hayashida, Pyong Woo Park Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are at the forefront of host-microbe interactions. Molecular and cell-based studies suggest that HSPG-pathogen interactions promote pathogenesis by facilitating microbial attachment and invasion of host cells. However, the specific identity of HSPGs, precise mechanisms by which HSPGs promote pathogenesis, and the in vivo relevance of HSPG-pathogen interactions remain to be determined. HSPGs also modulate...
PLOS Pathogens: New Articles
10h
Future of Diagnostic Computed Tomography: An Update on Physicochemical Properties, Safety, and Development of X-ray Contrast Media
Iodinated contrast media (CM) are utilized in approximately 40% of the 300 million computed tomography (CT) scans undertaken annually. This review focuses on the physicochemical properties and safety of iodinated CM, and the development of new x-ray CM, and it explores methods to optimize CT scanning parameters. It concludes that good x-ray CM should have high structural stability, hydrophilicity, and CT attenuation; low viscosity, osmolality, and protein binding; no metabolism and tissue accumulation;...
Investigative Radiology - Published Ahead-of-Print
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Regulatory T cells control the dynamic and site-specific polarization of total CD4 T cells following <i>Salmonella</i> infection
Mucosal Immunology, Published online: 26 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41385-020-0299-1Regulatory T cells control the dynamic and site-specific polarization of total CD4 T cells following Salmonella infection
Mucosal Immunology - Issue - nature.com science feeds
10h
Niche rather than origin dysregulates mucosal Langerhans cells development in aged mice
Mucosal Immunology, Published online: 26 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41385-020-0301-yNiche rather than origin dysregulates mucosal Langerhans cells development in aged mice
Mucosal Immunology - Issue - nature.com science feeds
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Group-2 innate lymphoid cell-dependent regulation of tissue neutrophil migration by alternatively activated macrophage-secreted Ear11
Mucosal Immunology, Published online: 26 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41385-020-0298-2Group-2 innate lymphoid cell-dependent regulation of tissue neutrophil migration by alternatively activated macrophage-secreted Ear11
Mucosal Immunology - Issue - nature.com science feeds
12h
Ubiquitin chromatin remodelling after DNA damage is associated with the expression of key cancer genes and pathways
Abstract Modification of the cancer-associated chromatin landscape in response to therapeutic DNA damage influences gene expression and contributes to cell fate. The central histone mark H2Bub1 results from addition of a single ubiquitin on lysine 120 of histone H2B and is an important regulator of gene expression. Following treatment with a platinum-based chemotherapeutic, there is a reduction in global levels of H2Bub1 accompanied by an increase in levels of the tumor suppressor...
Latest Results for Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
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A novel multi-marker discovery approach identifies new serum biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease in older people: an EXosomes in PArkiNson Disease (EXPAND) ancillary study
Abstract Dopaminergic nigrostriatal denervation and widespread intracellular α-synuclein accumulation are neuropathologic hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD). A constellation of peripheral processes, including metabolic and inflammatory changes, are thought to contribute to neurodegeneration. In the present study, we sought to obtain insight into the multifaceted pathophysiology of PD through the application of a multi-marker discovery approach. Fifty older adults aged 70+,...
http://link.springer.com/search.rss?facet-content-type=Article&facet-journal-id=11357&channel-name=AGE
11h
Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of <em>Eucommia ulmoides</em> Oliv. In a Parkinson's mouse model through the regulation of p38/JNK-Fosl2 gene expression
Publication date: Available online 26 May 2020Source: Journal of EthnopharmacologyAuthor(s): Shanshan Fan, Qingsheng Yin, Dongna Li, Jing Ma, Lili Li, Shiwei Chai, Hong Guo, Zhen Yang
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
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Use of specific combinations of the triphala plant component extracts to potentiate the inhibition of gastrointestinal bacterial growth
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: Journal of EthnopharmacologyAuthor(s): Gagan Tiwana, Ian E. Cock, Alan White, Matthew J. Cheesman
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
11h
Curcumin metabolites contribute to the effect of curcumin on ameliorating insulin sensitivity in high-glucose-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: Journal of EthnopharmacologyAuthor(s): Pan Li, Liqin Ding, Shijie Cao, Xinchi Feng, Qiang Zhang, Yuwei Chen, Nan Zhang, Feng Qiu
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
11h
Exploring the mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effect of shexiang baoxin pill on acute myocardial infarction rats by comprehensive metabolomics
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: Journal of EthnopharmacologyAuthor(s): Gaosong Wu, Linlin Chen, Yu Gu, Ying Hong, Junli Ma, Ningning Zheng, Jing Zhong, Ai-Jun Liu, Lili Sheng, Weidong Zhang, Houkai Li
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
11h
Okanin in <em>Coreopsis tinctoria</em> Nutt is a major quorum-sensing inhibitor against <em>Chromobacterium violaceum</em>
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: Journal of EthnopharmacologyAuthor(s): Yongqi Mu, Hong Zeng, Wei Chen
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
11h
Documenting the heritage along the Silk Road: An ethnobotanical study of medicinal teas used in Southern Xinjiang, China
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: Journal of EthnopharmacologyAuthor(s): Aysajan Abdusalam, Yu Zhang, Maliyamu Abudoushalamu, Patiguli Maitusun, Cory W. Whitney, Xue-fei Yang, Yao Fu
ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
11h
A bioinspired stretchable membrane-based compliance sensor [Engineering]
Compliance sensation is a unique feature of the human skin that electronic devices could not mimic via compact and thin form-factor devices. Due to the complex nature of the sensing mechanism, up to now, only high-precision or bulky handheld devices have been used to measure compliance of materials. This also...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Statistical reprogramming of macroscopic self-assembly with dynamic boundaries [Engineering]
Self-assembly is a ubiquitous process that can generate complex and functional structures via local interactions among a large set of simpler components. The ability to program the self-assembly pathway of component sets elucidates fundamental physics and enables alternative competitive fabrication technologies. Reprogrammability offers further opportunities for tuning structural and material...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Correction to Supporting Information for Welti et al., Nutrient dilution and climate cycles underlie declines in a dominant insect herbivore [SI Correction]
ECOLOGY Correction to Supporting Information for “Nutrient dilution and climate cycles underlie declines in a dominant insect herbivore,” by Ellen A. R. Welti, Karl A. Roeder, Kirsten M. de Beurs, Anthony Joern, and Michael Kaspari, which was first published March 9, 2020; 10.1073/pnas.1920012117 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 7271–7275)....
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Future of the human climate niche [Sustainability Science]
All species have an environmental niche, and despite technological advances, humans are unlikely to be an exception. Here, we demonstrate that for millennia, human populations have resided in the same narrow part of the climatic envelope available on the globe, characterized by a major mode around ∼11 °C to 15...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Secure large-scale genome-wide association studies using homomorphic encryption [Statistics]
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) seek to identify genetic variants associated with a trait, and have been a powerful approach for understanding complex diseases. A critical challenge for GWASs has been the dependence on individual-level data that typically have strict privacy requirements, creating an urgent need for methods that preserve the...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Adaptive social networks promote the wisdom of crowds [Social Sciences]
Social networks continuously change as new ties are created and existing ones fade. It is widely acknowledged that our social embedding has a substantial impact on what information we receive and how we form beliefs and make decisions. However, most empirical studies on the role of social networks in collective...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
The Veiled Virgin illustrates visual segmentation of shape by cause [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences]
Three-dimensional (3D) shape perception is one of the most important functions of vision. It is crucial for many tasks, from object recognition to tool use, and yet how the brain represents shape remains poorly understood. Most theories focus on purely geometrical computations (e.g., estimating depths, curvatures, symmetries). Here, however, we...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Decisional autonomy undermines advisees’ ȷudgments of experts in medicine and in life [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences]
Over the past several decades, the United States medical system has increasingly prioritized patient autonomy. Physicians routinely encourage patients to come to their own decisions about their medical care rather than providing patients with clearer yet more paternalistic advice. Although political theorists, bioethicists, and philosophers generally see this as a...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Acoustic information about upper limb movement in voicing [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences]
We show that the human voice has complex acoustic qualities that are directly coupled to peripheral musculoskeletal tensioning of the body, such as subtle wrist movements. In this study, human vocalizers produced a steady-state vocalization while rhythmically moving the wrist or the arm at different tempos. Although listeners could only...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
A massively parallel barcoded sequencing pipeline enables generation of the first ORFeome and interactome map for rice [Plant Biology]
Systematic mappings of protein interactome networks have provided invaluable functional information for numerous model organisms. Here we develop PCR-mediated Linkage of barcoded Adapters To nucleic acid Elements for sequencing (PLATE-seq) that serves as a general tool to rapidly sequence thousands of DNA elements. We validate its utility by generating the...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Collagen microarchitecture mechanically controls myofibroblast differentiation [Engineering]
Altered microarchitecture of collagen type I is a hallmark of wound healing and cancer that is commonly attributed to myofibroblasts. However, it remains unknown which effect collagen microarchitecture has on myofibroblast differentiation. Here, we combined experimental and computational approaches to investigate the hypothesis that the microarchitecture of fibrillar collagen networks...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Biased signaling by endogenous opioid peptides [Pharmacology]
Opioids, such as morphine and fentanyl, are widely used for the treatment of severe pain; however, prolonged treatment with these drugs leads to the development of tolerance and can lead to opioid use disorder. The “Opioid Epidemic” has generated a drive for a deeper understanding of the fundamental signaling mechanisms...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Preventing presbycusis in mice with enhanced medial olivocochlear feedback [Neuroscience]
“Growing old” is the most common cause of hearing loss. Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) (presbycusis) first affects the ability to understand speech in background noise, even when auditory thresholds in quiet are normal. It has been suggested that cochlear denervation (“synaptopathy”) is an early contributor to age-related auditory decline. In...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Magnetotransport signatures of Weyl physics and discrete scale invariance in the elemental semiconductor tellurium [Physics]
The study of topological materials possessing nontrivial band structures enables exploitation of relativistic physics and development of a spectrum of intriguing physical phenomena. However, previous studies of Weyl physics have been limited exclusively to semimetals. Here, via systematic magnetotransport measurements, two representative topological transport signatures of Weyl physics, the negative...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Prefrontal-hippocampal functional connectivity encodes recognition memory and is impaired in intellectual disability [Neuroscience]
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common form of intellectual disability. The cognitive alterations in DS are thought to depend on brain regions critical for learning and memory such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC). Neuroimaging studies suggest that increased brain connectivity correlates with lower intelligence quotients...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Sperm proteins SOF1, TMEM95, and SPACA6 are required for sperm-oocyte fusion in mice [Developmental Biology]
Sperm−oocyte membrane fusion is one of the most important events for fertilization. So far, IZUMO1 and Fertilization Influencing Membrane Protein (FIMP) on the sperm membrane and CD9 and JUNO (IZUMO1R/FOLR4) on the oocyte membrane have been identified as fusion-required proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms for sperm−oocyte fusion are still unclear....
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Self-interaction error overbinds water clusters but cancels in structural energy differences [Chemistry]
We gauge the importance of self-interaction errors in density functional approximations (DFAs) for the case of water clusters. To this end, we used the Fermi–Löwdin orbital self-interaction correction method (FLOSIC) to calculate the binding energy of clusters of up to eight water molecules. Three representative DFAs of the local, generalized...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Structural venomics reveals evolution of a complex venom by duplication and diversification of an ancient peptide-encoding gene [Biochemistry]
Spiders are one of the most successful venomous animals, with more than 48,000 described species. Most spider venoms are dominated by cysteine-rich peptides with a diverse range of pharmacological activities. Some spider venoms contain thousands of unique peptides, but little is known about the mechanisms used to generate such complex...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Distinct activities of Scrib module proteins organize epithelial polarity [Developmental Biology]
A polarized architecture is central to both epithelial structure and function. In many cells, polarity involves mutual antagonism between the Par complex and the Scribble (Scrib) module. While molecular mechanisms underlying Par-mediated apical determination are well-understood, how Scrib module proteins specify the basolateral domain remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate dependent...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Endogenous oxidized DNA bases and APE1 regulate the formation of G-quadruplex structures in the genome [Biochemistry]
Formation of G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures in key regulatory regions in the genome has emerged as a secondary structure-based epigenetic mechanism for regulating multiple biological processes including transcription, replication, and telomere maintenance. G4 formation (folding), stabilization, and unfolding must be regulated to coordinate G4-mediated biological functions; however, how cells regulate...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Room-temperature autonomous self-healing glassy polymers with hyperbranched structure [Chemistry]
Glassy polymers are extremely difficult to self-heal below their glass transition temperature (Tg) due to the frozen molecules. Here, we fabricate a series of randomly hyperbranched polymers (RHP) with high density of multiple hydrogen bonds, which show Tg up to 49 °C and storage modulus up to 2.7 GPa. We...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Ultrastructural evidence for self-replication of Alzheimer-associated A{beta}42 amyloid along the sides of fibrils [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
The nucleation of Alzheimer-associated Aβ peptide monomers can be catalyzed by preexisting Aβ fibrils. This leads to autocatalytic amplification of aggregate mass and underlies self-replication and generation of toxic oligomers associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the nature of the interactions between the monomeric species and the fibrils during this...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Oocytes can efficiently repair DNA double-strand breaks to restore genetic integrity and protect offspring health [Developmental Biology]
Female fertility and offspring health are critically dependent on an adequate supply of high-quality oocytes, the majority of which are maintained in the ovaries in a unique state of meiotic prophase arrest. While mechanisms of DNA repair during meiotic recombination are well characterized, the same is not true for prophase-arrested...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
Massively parallel CRISPRi assays reveal concealed thermodynamic determinants of dCas12a binding [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
The versatility of CRISPR-Cas endonucleases as a tool for biomedical research has led to diverse applications in gene editing, programmable transcriptional control, and nucleic acid detection. Most CRISPR-Cas systems, however, suffer from off-target effects and unpredictable nonspecific binding that negatively impact their reliability and broader applicability. To better evaluate the...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
11h
{beta}-Arrestin2 is a critical component of the GPCR-eNOS signalosome [Cell Biology]
Endothelial cell nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), the enzyme responsible for synthesis of NO in endothelial cells, is regulated by complex posttranslational mechanisms. Sinusoidal portal hypertension, a disorder characterized by liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) injury with resultant reduced eNOS activity and NO production within the liver, has been associated...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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