Loss-averse decisions, in which one avoids losses at the expense of gains, are highly prevalent. However, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. The prevailing account highlights a valuation bias that overweighs losses relative to gains, but an alternative view stresses a response bias to avoid choices involving potential losses. Here we...
Dmc1 recombinases are essential to homologous recombination in meiosis. Here, we studied the kinetics of the nucleoprotein filament assembly of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dmc1 using single-molecule tethered particle motion experiments and in vitro biochemical assay. ScDmc1 nucleoprotein filaments are less stable than the ScRad51 ones because of the kinetically much reduced...
The COVID-19 outbreak is a global pandemic with community circulation in many countries, including the United States, with confirmed cases in all states. The course of this pandemic will be shaped by how governments enact timely policies and disseminate information and by how the public reacts to policies and information....
Understanding the timing and mechanisms of amino acid synthesis and racemization on asteroidal parent bodies is key to demonstrating how amino acids evolved to be mostly left-handed in living organisms on Earth. It has been postulated that racemization can occur rapidly dependent on several factors, including the pH of the...
Bacteria frequently encounter selection by both antibiotics and lytic bacteriophages. However, the evolutionary interactions between antibiotics and phages remain unclear, in particular, whether and when phages can drive evolutionary trade-offs with antibiotic resistance. Here, we describe Escherichia coli phage U136B, showing it relies on two host factors involved in different...
Ice accumulation causes various problems in our daily life for human society. The daunting challenges in ice prevention and removal call for novel efficient antiicing strategies. Recently, photothermal materials have gained attention for creating icephobic surfaces owing to their merits of energy conservation and environmental friendliness. However, it is always...
Two ancient asteroids with distinctive diamond-like shapes are revealing clues not only about their own formation, but that of the solar system as well. For the past three years, two spacecraft have been studying a pair of the most primitive solar system objects ever explored. The asteroids, Ryugu and Bennu,...
Hydrogels consist of a cross-linked polymer matrix imbibed with a solvent such as water at volume fractions that can exceed 90%. They are important in many scientific and engineering applications due to their tunable physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, and ultralow friction. Their multiphase structure leads to a complex interfacial rheology, yet...
Arboreal primates such as chimpanzees exhibit pronounced curvature in their hand and foot phalanges, which is assumed to develop throughout life in response to mechanical loads produced by grasping and hanging from branches. Intriguingly, ancient fossil hominins also exhibit substantial phalangeal curvature, which, too, has been interpreted as a direct...
Pulsating flows through tubular geometries are laminar provided that velocities are moderate. This in particular is also believed to apply to cardiovascular flows where inertial forces are typically too low to sustain turbulence. On the other hand, flow instabilities and fluctuating shear stresses are held responsible for a variety of...
The ability to detect sparse signals from noisy, high-dimensional data is a top priority in modern science and engineering. It is well known that a sparse solution of the linear system Aρ=b0 can be found efficiently with an ℓ1-norm minimization approach if the data are noiseless. However, detection of the...
Perhaps now more than ever (1), it is abundantly clear that viruses can rapidly and dramatically alter host populations, both by direct mortality and by changing the way hosts interact with each other. Like macroscopic organisms, bacteria also contend with their own viruses. Called bacteriophages (or simply, phages), these nanometer-scale...
Hurricanes wreak destruction when they strike reefs, islands, and coastal regions. Forests are scrambled into giant piles of pickup sticks. Animals are killed by flooding, falling trees, and blowing debris, and some survivors later die from starvation or disease. However, some animals survive. Were they just lucky, or did they...
Lipids are complex molecules generated by cells through enzymatic mechanisms from simpler constituents. Each complex lipid typically consists of a head group with a unique chemical composition that is esterified to hydrophobic tails composed of fatty acyl chains or sphingoid bases. Based on their composition, lipids are classified into eight...
In light of differences in findings presented in our meta-analysis (1) and a previous publication (2), Poeppl et al. (3) hypothesize that the discrepancies are potentially due to the inclusion of region-of-interest (ROI)-based studies, the choice of a larger cluster threshold, or different inclusion criteria. In order to accurately address...
Challenging previous work (1), a recent metaanalysis suggests “that the neuronal circuitries activated by visual sexual stimuli are independent of biological sex” (ref. 2, p. 15671). Neuroimaging metaanalyses are indispensable for robust conclusions on neuronal correlates of mental functions (3). To attain this goal, best-practice guidelines have been jointly proposed...
We agree with Hashimoto (1) that the molecular mechanisms underlying the psychiatric properties of (R,S)-ketamine remain active areas of investigation. Racemic ketamine as well as esketamine [(S)-ketamine] are potent N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists and have displayed acute antidepressant and antisuicidal effects in multiple clinical studies (2, 3). However, these compounds...
The rapid-acting antidepressant and antisuicidal effects of the anesthetic (R,S)-ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, is an important discovery in depression research (1). However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying (R,S)-ketamine’s antidepressant actions remain unknown. Naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, blocked the rapid antidepressant and antisuicidal effects of (R,S)-ketamine in treatment-resistant...
Climate niche history of humans In the current climate, MATs above 29 °C are restricted to small, dark areas in the Sahara region. In 2070, such conditions are projected throughout the shaded area in the worst-case scenario. Background colors represent current MATs. As Earth’s climate continues to warm, some regions...
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Down syndrome (DS) is the most common form of intellectual disability. The cognitive alterations in DS are thought to depend on brain regions critical for learning and memory such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC). Neuroimaging studies suggest that increased brain connectivity correlates with lower intelligence quotients...
Auditory experience drives neural circuit refinement during windows of heightened brain plasticity, but little is known about the genetic regulation of this developmental process. The primary auditory cortex (A1) of mice exhibits a critical period for thalamocortical connectivity between postnatal days P12 and P15, during which tone exposure alters the...
Decisions about when to act are critical for survival in humans as in animals, but how a desire is translated into the decision that an action is worth taking at any particular point in time is incompletely understood. Here we show that a simple model developed to explain when animals...
Three-dimensional (3D) shape perception is one of the most important functions of vision. It is crucial for many tasks, from object recognition to tool use, and yet how the brain represents shape remains poorly understood. Most theories focus on purely geometrical computations (e.g., estimating depths, curvatures, symmetries). Here, however, we...
Epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to herbicides during pregnancy might increase risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the risk of ASD by herbicides such as glyphosate remain unclear. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids is shown to play...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two related neurodegenerative diseases that present with similar TDP-43 pathology in patient tissue. TDP-43 is an RNA-binding protein which forms aggregates in neurons of ALS and FTD patients as well as in a subset of patients diagnosed with other neurodegenerative diseases....
Despite its ubiquitous use in medicine, and extensive knowledge of its molecular and cellular effects, how anesthesia induces loss of consciousness (LOC) and affects sensory processing remains poorly understood. Specifically, it is unclear whether anesthesia primarily disrupts thalamocortical relay or intercortical signaling. Here we recorded intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG), local field...
“Growing old” is the most common cause of hearing loss. Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) (presbycusis) first affects the ability to understand speech in background noise, even when auditory thresholds in quiet are normal. It has been suggested that cochlear denervation (“synaptopathy”) is an early contributor to age-related auditory decline. In...
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Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: Journal of AutoimmunityAuthor(s): Chuiwen Deng, Yingying Chen, Wenli Li, Linyi Peng, Xuan Luo, Yu Peng, Lidan Zhao, Qingjun Wu, Wen Zhang, Xuan Zhang, Yunyun Fei
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Lineage plasticity is a prominent feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells, which can occur via deregulation of lineage-specifying transcription factors. Here, we show that the zinc finger protein ZBED2 is aberrantly expressed in PDA and alters tumor cell identity in this disease. Unexpectedly, our epigenomic experiments reveal that ZBED2...
Endothelial cell nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), the enzyme responsible for synthesis of NO in endothelial cells, is regulated by complex posttranslational mechanisms. Sinusoidal portal hypertension, a disorder characterized by liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) injury with resultant reduced eNOS activity and NO production within the liver, has been associated...
Genomic regions preferentially associate with regions of similar transcriptional activity, partitioning genomes into active and inactive compartments within the nucleus. Here we explore mechanisms controlling genome compartment organization in Caenorhabditis elegans and investigate roles for compartments in regulating gene expression. Distal arms of C. elegans chromosomes, which are enriched for...
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Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to gather an expert opinion survey and to evaluate the suitability of summarized indications and interventions for DCO. Background The indications to perform temporary surgery in musculoskeletal injuries may vary during the hospitalization and have not been defined. We performed a literature review...
Abstract Background The application of pelvic binders in the preclinical and early clinical phase is advisable to avoid or treat C-problems in unstable and potential bleeding pelvic ring fractures, even if the clinical effectivity is not completely proved. The use for pathologies in the posterior pelvic ring is still debatable. Questions/purposes We...
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Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Chengyan Wang, Yuan Wu, Yiping P. Du
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Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: The Journal of Emergency MedicineAuthor(s): Masahiro Kashiura, Shunsuke Amagasa, Takashi Moriya, Atsushi Sakurai, Nobuya Kitamura, Takashi Tagami, Munekazu Takeda, Yasufumi Miyake, Sadaki Inokuchi, Yoshihiro Masui, Kunihisa Miura, Haruhiko Tsutsumi, Kiyotsugu Takuma, Ishihara Atsushi, Minoru Nakano, Hiroshi Tanaka, Keiichi Ikegami, Takao Arai, Arino Yaguchi, Nobuya Kitamura
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IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3768: Supernumerary B Chromosomes and Plant Genome Changes: A Snapshot of Wild Populations of Aegilops speltoides Tausch (Poaceae, Triticeae) International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113768 Authors: Imad Shams Olga Raskina In various eukaryotes, supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are an optional genomic component that affect their integrity and functioning. In the present study, the impact of Bs on the current changes in the genome of...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3766: The Unfolded Protein Response: Neutron-Induced Therapy Autophagy as a Promising Treatment Option for Osteosarcoma International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113766 Authors: Oh Lee Sai Ohno Kong Lim Kim Radiotherapy using high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation results in effectively killing tumor cells while minimizing dose (biological effective) to normal tissues to block toxicity. It is well known...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3767: rhBMP-2 Pre-Treated Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Sheets Regenerate a Mineralized Layer Mimicking Dental Cementum International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113767 Authors: Park Park Yi Kim Iwata Yun The periodontal complex consisting of alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligaments (PDL) supports human teeth through the systematic orchestration of mineralized tissues and fibrous tissues. Importantly,...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3764: A Fatal Alliance between Microglia, Inflammasomes, and Central Pain International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113764 Authors: Hoffmann Beyer Microglia are the resident immune cells in the CNS, which survey the brain parenchyma for pathogens, initiate inflammatory responses, secrete inflammatory mediators, and phagocyte debris. Besides, they play a role in the regulation of brain ion homeostasis and in pruning synaptic contacts...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3762: Interaction of Deubiquitinase 2A-DUB/MYSM1 with DNA Repair and Replication Factors International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113762 Authors: Kroeger Roessler Wiese Hainzl Gatzka The deubiquitination of histone H2A on lysine 119 by 2A-DUB/MYSM1, BAP1, USP16, and other enzymes is required for key cellular processes, including transcriptional activation, apoptosis, and cell cycle control, during normal hematopoiesis...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3765: New Tetrahydroacridine Hybrids with Dichlorobenzoic Acid Moiety Demonstrating Multifunctional Potential for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113765 Authors: Kamila Czarnecka Małgorzata Girek Przemysław Wójtowicz Paweł Kręcisz Robert Skibiński Jakub Jończyk Kamil Łątka Marek Bajda Anna Walczak Grzegorz Galita Jacek Kabziński Ireneusz Majsterek Piotr...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3760: Hereditary Ataxia: A Focus on Heme Metabolism and Fe-S Cluster Biogenesis
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3760: Hereditary Ataxia: A Focus on Heme Metabolism and Fe-S Cluster Biogenesis International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113760 Authors: Deborah Chiabrando Francesca Bertino Emanuela Tolosano Heme and Fe-S clusters regulate a plethora of essential biological processes ranging from cellular respiration and cell metabolism to the maintenance of genome integrity. Mutations in genes involved in heme metabolism and Fe-S cluster biogenesis...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3761: Curcumin—A Viable Agent for Better Bladder Cancer Treatment International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113761 Authors: Jochen Rutz Andrea Janicova Katja Woidacki Felix K.-H. Chun Roman A. Blaheta Borna Relja Although the therapeutic armamentarium for bladder cancer has considerably widened in the last few years, severe side effects and the development of resistance hamper long-term treatment success. Thus, patients...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3759: Activation of Mitochondrial 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase by Cocarboxylase in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells A549 Is p53/p21-Dependent and Impairs Cellular Redox State, Mimicking the Cisplatin Action International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113759 Authors: Victoria I. Bunik Vasily A. Aleshin Xiaoshan Zhou Vyacheslav Yu. Tabakov Anna Karlsson Genetic up-regulation of mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase is known...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3763: NanoLuc Bioluminescence-Driven Photodynamic Activation of Cholecystokinin 1 Receptor with Genetically-Encoded Protein Photosensitizer MiniSOG International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113763 Authors: Yuan Li Zong Jie Cui In contrast to reversible activation by agonist, cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1R) is permanently activated by singlet oxygen generated in photodynamic action, with sulphonated aluminium phthalocyanine or genetically...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3757: RNA-Binding Proteins in Pulmonary Hypertension International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113757 Authors: Zhang Brown Stenmark Hu Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by significant vascular remodeling and aberrant expression of genes involved in inflammation, apoptosis resistance, proliferation, and metabolism. Effective therapeutic strategies are limited, as mechanisms underlying...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3754: Strategies for Functional Interrogation of Big Cancer Data Using Drosophila Cancer Models International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113754 Authors: Bangi Rapid development of high throughput genome analysis technologies accompanied by significant reduction in costs has led to the accumulation of an incredible amount of data during the last decade. The emergence of big data has had a particularly significant impact in biomedical research...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3758: Comparative Analyses of Five Complete Chloroplast Genomes from the Genus Pterocarpus (Fabacaeae) International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113758 Authors: Zhou Hong Zhiqiang Wu Kunkun Zhao Zengjiang Yang Ningnan Zhang Junyu Guo Luke R. Tembrock Daping Xu Pterocarpus is a genus of trees mainly distributed in tropical Asia, Africa, and South America. Some species of Pterocarpus are rosewood tree species, having...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3756: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Prevents Experimental Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Loss of Hippocampal Neurons International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113756 Authors: Krish Chandrasekaran Joungil Choi Muhammed Ikbal Arvas Mohammad Salimian Sujal Singh Su Xu Rao P Gullapalli Tibor Kristian James William Russell Diabetes predisposes to cognitive decline leading to dementia and...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3753: Pharmacogenetics in Model-Based Optimization of Bevacizumab Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113753 Authors: Apostolos Papachristos Eleni Karatza Haralabos Kalofonos Gregory Sivolapenko Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) are significant regulators of angiogenesis, an important biological process involved in carcinogenesis....
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3752: A Mild Method for Preparation of Highly Selective Magnetic Biochar Microspheres International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113752 Authors: Zhao Chen Wang We report the use of biochar and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as co-stabilizers for oil-in-water (o/w) Pickering emulsion. The emulsion is subsequently used to prepare magnetic tetracycline-imprinted biochar composite microspheres (MMIPMs) with good uniformity and high selectivity....
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3751: House Dust Mite Induces Bone Marrow IL-33-Responsive ILC2s and TH Cells International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113751 Authors: Emma Boberg Kristina Johansson Carina Malmhäll Julie Weidner Madeleine Rådinger Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and their adaptive counterpart type 2 T helper (TH2) cells respond to interleukin-33 (IL-33) by producing IL-5, which is a crucial cytokine for eosinophil development in the...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3755: Identification and Expression Profiling of Toll-Like Receptors of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during Proliferative Kidney Disease International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113755 Authors: Sudhagar El-Matbouli Kumar Proliferative kidney disease is an emerging disease among salmonids in Europe and North America caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. The decline of endemic brown trout (Salmo trutta) in...
IJMS, Vol. 21, Pages 3749: 17-Aminogeldanamycin Inhibits Constitutive Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) Activity in Patient-Derived Melanoma Cell Lines International Journal of Molecular Sciences doi: 10.3390/ijms21113749 Authors: Mariusz L. Hartman Magdalena Rogut Aleksandra Mielczarek-Lewandowska Michal Wozniak Malgorzata Czyz Melanoma remains incurable skin cancer, and targeting heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a promising therapeutic approach. In this study, we...
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