Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant tumour in the adult brain and hard to treat. Nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signalling has a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of GBM. EGFR signalling is an important driver of NF‐κB activation in GBM; however, the correlation between EGFR and the NF‐κB pathway remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of mucosa‐associated lymphoma antigen 1 (MALT1) in glioma progression and evaluated the anti‐tumour activity and effectiveness...
Abstract Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), a nuclear transcription factor, is preferably activated in the myocardium of diabetic mice. However, its role and mechanism in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in non‐obese insulin‐deficient diabetes are unclear. We hypothesized that cardiac FOXO1 over‐activation was attributable to the imbalanced myocardial oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial and cardiac dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. FOXO1‐selective inhibitor AS1842856 was administered to...
Abstract Despite significant advances in deciphering the molecular landscape of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), therapeutic outcomes of this haematological malignancy have only modestly improved over the past decades. Drug resistance and disease recurrence almost invariably occur, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of these processes. While low O2 compartments, such as bone marrow (BM) niches, are well‐recognized hosts of drug‐resistant leukaemic cells, standard in vitro studies are...
Abstract Usher syndrome encompasses a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorders with hearing deficiencies and retinitis pigmentosa. The mechanisms underlying the Usher syndrome are highly variable. In the present study, a Chinese family with Usher syndrome was recruited. Whole exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, homozygosity mapping, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and segregation analysis were performed. Functional domains of the pathogenic variant...
Abstract Tumour‐derived exosomes have been shown to induce pre‐metastatic niche formation, favoring metastatic colonization of tumour cells, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, we showed that exosomes derived from the LLC cells could indeed significantly enhance their intrapulmonary colonization. Circulating LLC‐derived exosomes were mainly engulfed by lung fibroblasts and led to the NF‐κB signalling activation. Further studies indicated that the...
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Int Arch Allergy Immunol
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We note a range of interesting and challenging points which take forward the discourse around the ethics of sharing patient data. Of most note are criticisms of our jury recruitment and methods; questioning how we can engender trust and support from the wider, uninformed public when we only have the view of a small informed public; asking what work needs to be done to ethically transfer data from a clinical care setting to that of research; suggesting that dynamic consent with opt-outs could be an...
Interest in the use of medical data for health research is increasing. Yet, as Elizabeth Ford and colleagues rightly note, there are open questions about the suitability of existing ethical and regulatory oversight frameworks for these research approaches. In their feature article, ‘Should free text data in electronic medical records be shared for research? A citizen’s jury study in the United Kingdom’, Ford et al report the results of a deliberative engagement study in which 18 members of the public...
The empirical turn in bioethics and the deliberative turn in democracy theory occurred at around the same time, one at the intersection of bioethics and social science,1 2 the other at the intersection of political philosophy and political science.3–5 Empirical bioethics and deliberative democratic approaches both engage with immediate problems in policy and practice with normative intent, so it was perhaps inevitable that they would eventually find one another,6–8 and that deliberative research...
BackgroundUse of routinely collected patient data for research and service planning is an explicit policy of the UK National Health Service and UK government. Much clinical information is recorded in free-text letters, reports and notes. These text data are generally lost to research, due to the increased privacy risk compared with structured data. We conducted a citizens’ jury which asked members of the public whether their medical free-text data should be shared for research for public benefit,...
As the capacity to generate, store, aggregate and combine ever greater volumes and types of data about individuals, behaviours and interactions continues to expand apace, so too does the challenge of ensuring suitable and appropriate governance of that data. In broad terms, the challenge is simple; how to ensure the (public) benefits of data, such as improvements in service delivery or individual and collective well-being, while avoiding harms such as discrimination, injustice or placing undue burdens...
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The palmaris longus muscle is considered one of the most anatomically variable muscles in the human body. Localized swelling of the forearm due to hypertrophy of the palmaris longus muscle is rare.
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Abstract Background Uncooperative pediatric mask induction is linked to perioperative anxiety. Although some risk factors for uncooperative inductions have been reported, there are no large cohort studies that identify intrinsic patient characteristics associated with cooperation. Aim The primary aim was to identify patient characteristics associated with cooperative mask inductions. The secondary aim was to determine whether preoperative interventions were associated with increased cooperation....
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Abstract Background Denture use for recovery of major tooth loss can reduce the need for care, and thus, it is important for dentists to identify the types of patients that use removable dentures. Objective To identify factors associated with removable denture use in independent older Japanese people. Methods This cross‐sectional study investigated the oral condition; demographics; lifestyle; dental visit behavior; and higher‐level functional capacity, as assessed using the Tokyo...
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Publication date: Available online 26 May 2020Source: BrachytherapyAuthor(s): Harjot Kaur Bajwa, Rohith Singareddy, Alluri Krishnam Raju
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Publication date: Available online 26 May 2020Source: Medical HypothesesAuthor(s): SD Le Bon, M Horoi
Publication date: Available online 26 May 2020Source: Medical HypothesesAuthor(s): Ramachandran Meenakshisundaram, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Ponniah Thirumalaikolundusubramanian
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: Medical HypothesesAuthor(s): Amit Kumar, Yuichi Kubota, Mikhail Chernov, Hidetoshi Kasuya
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2020Source: Medical HypothesesAuthor(s): Sukriti Vishwas, Ankit Awasthi, Leander Corrie, Sachin Kumar Singh, Monica Gulati
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Abstract Purpose of the Review Reactive arthritis is synovitis related to an infection away from the joint. The evolution is variable, frequently self-limited, but with the possible evolution to a prolonged form, generating functional incapacity and sequelae. Recent Findings New microbiological families have been incriminated and pathophysiological...
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Abstract Background & Aims Despite surgical and chemotherapeutic advances, the five‐year survival rate for Stage IV Hepatoblastoma (HB), the predominant pediatric liver tumor, remains at 27%. YAP1 and β‐Catenin co‐activation occurs in 80% of children’s HB; however, a lack of conditional genetic models precludes tumor maintenance exploration. Thus, the need for a targeted therapy remains unmet. Given the predominance of YAP1 and β‐Catenin activation in HB, we sought to evaluate YAP1 as a therapeutic...
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Extracellular vesicle-mediated crosstalk between melanoma and the immune system: Impact on tumor progression and therapy response. J Leukoc Biol. 2020 May 25;: Authors: Pretti MAM, Bernardes SS, da Cruz JGV, Boroni M, Possik PA Abstract Melanoma is a very lethal tumor type that easily spreads and colonizes regional and distant tissues. Crucial phenotypic changes that favor melanoma metastasis are interposed by the tumor microenvironment (TME), representing...
Melanogenesis-inhibitory activities of limonoids and tricyclic diterpenoids from Azadirachta indica.
Melanogenesis-inhibitory activities of limonoids and tricyclic diterpenoids from Azadirachta indica. Bioorg Chem. 2020 May 18;100:103941 Authors: Su S, Cheng J, Zhang C, Akihisa T, Xu J, Zhu W, Liu W, Kikuchi T, Feng F, Zhang J Abstract The chemical constituents of the roots and bark of Azadirachta indica were investigated, leading to the isolation of six tricyclic diterpenoids and four limonoids including a new compound, azadirachtin J (4). The structures...
Stereotactic radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy against metastatic melanoma: Long term results of a phase I clinical trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2020 May 22;: Authors: Ratnayake G, Reinwald S, Shackleton M, Moore M, Voskoboynik M, Ruben J, van Zelm MC, Yu D, Ward R, Smith R, Haydon A, Senthi S Abstract PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in combination with immunotherapy for...
Biological evaluation of BF2-naphthyridine compounds: Tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase activity, CT-DNA and HSA binding property evaluations. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 May 22;: Authors: Chaves OA, Calheiro TP, Netto-Ferreira JC, de Oliveira MCC, Franceschini SZ, de Salles CMC, Zanatta N, Frizzo CP, Iglesias BA, Bonacorso HG Abstract The present work reports the biological assays between synthetic BF2-naphtyridine complexes and four proteins: human...
Uveal melanoma pathobiology: metastasis to the liver. Semin Cancer Biol. 2020 May 22;: Authors: Bustamante P, Piquet L, Landreville S, Burnier JV Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is a type of intraocular tumor with a propensity to disseminate to the liver. Despite the identification of the early driver mutations during the development of the pathology, the process of UM metastasis is still not fully comprehended. A better understanding of the genetic, molecular,...
Map3k1 Loss Cooperates With BrafV600E to Drive Melanomagenesis. J Invest Dermatol. 2020 May 22;: Authors: Trucco LD, Mundra PA, García-Martínez P, Hogan K, Baenke F, Dhomen N, Pavet V, Marais R PMID: 32450073 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Indirect Comparison of Combined BRAF and MEK Inhibition in Melanoma Patients with Elevated Baseline Lactate Dehydrogenase. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020 May 25;: Authors: Glutsch V, Amaral T, Garbe C, Thoms KM, Mohr P, Hauschild A, Schilling B Abstract The approval of BRAF and MEK inhibitors has significantly improved treatment outcomes for patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. The 3 first-line targeted therapy trials have provided similar results,...
Paired Basic Amino Acid-cleaving Enzyme 4 (PCSK6): An Emerging New Target Molecule in Human Melanoma. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020 May 25;: Authors: Weishaupt C, Mastofrancesco A, Metze D, Kemper B, Stegemann A, Picardo M, Klein-Szanto AJP, Böhm M Abstract Although recent therapeutic developments raise hope, melanoma remains a devastating disease with a need for new treatment targets. In other tumours prohormone convertases have been shown to be pro-tumourigenic...
Sevoflurane attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by mediating the miR-219a/AIM2/TLR4/MyD88 axis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Cell Cycle. 2020 May 23;:1-12 Authors: Li Y, Xing N, Yuan J, Yang J Abstract Myocardial infarction (MI) is a vital cause of death and disability globally. The primary treatment for diminishing acute myocardial ischemic injury is myocardial reperfusion, which may induce cardiomyocyte death. Our aim is to unravel...
Matched analysis of the prognosis of amelanotic and pigmented melanoma in head and neck. Acta Otolaryngol. 2020 May 23;:1-4 Authors: Guo W, Yin G, Liu H, Duan H, Huang Z, Chen X Abstract Background: The prognosis of mucosal melanoma is poor, and the difference in clinical prognosis between patients with and without pigment needs further study.Aim: To analyze data with head and neck mucosal melanoma, and compare the prognosis of patients with and without...
Engaging Men With BRCA-Related Cancer Risks: Practical Advice for BRCA Risk Management From Male Stakeholders. Am J Mens Health. 2020 May-Jun;14(3):1557988320924932 Authors: Dean M, Campbell-Salome G, Rauscher EA Abstract Men are at risk for developing hereditary cancers such as breast, prostate, pancreatic, and melanoma due to a pathogenic germline variant in either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. The purpose of this study was to identify and provide practical...
A Diselenide turn-on Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Thioredoxin Reductase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2020 May 24;: Authors: Mafireyi TJ, Laws M, Bassett JW, Cassidy PB, Escobedo JO, Strongin RM Abstract We report the first diselenide-based probe for the selective detection of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme commonly overexpressed in melanomas. The probe design involves conjugation of a seminaphthorhodafluor dye with a diselenide moiety....
Predicting development of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis: utility of T4 and TSH index but not TSH. J Endocrinol Invest. 2020 May 24;: Authors: Siddiqui MS, Lai ZM, Spain L, Greener V, Turajlic S, Larkin J, Morganstein DL Abstract PURPOSE: Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody inhibiting CLTA-4, is an established treatment in metastatic melanoma, either alone or in combination with nivolumab, and results in immune mediated adverse events, including endocrinopathy....
Melanoma Diagnostic Practices of French-Speaking Belgian General Practitioners and the Prospective Study of Their Pigmented Skin Lesion Diagnostic Accuracy and Management. J Cancer Educ. 2020 May 24;: Authors: Harkemanne E, Duyver C, Leconte S, Bugli C, Thomas L, Baeck M, Tromme I Abstract General practitioners (GPs) are among the main actors involved in early melanoma diagnosis. However, melanoma diagnostic accuracy and management are reported to be...
Evaluating the quality of reporting of melanoma prediction models. Surgery. 2020 May 21;: Authors: Jiang MY, Dragnev NC, Wong SL Abstract BACKGROUND: Multivariable prediction models combine patient data points to provide actionable estimates of outcomes. Prediction models for melanoma are important for guidance in the midst of the rising incidence and evolving treatment options. This study evaluates the quality of reporting of prediction models using...
Pathology features and the results of treatment of two cases of posterior choroidal leiomyoma. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020 May 24;20(1):198 Authors: Zhou N, Wei W, Xu X Abstract BACKGROUND: Posterior choroidal leiomyoma is an extremely rare tumor, to our knowledge, less than 10 cases reported in the literature. The definite diagnosis can be confirmed by immunohistochemistry, and local resection is preferable to enucleation for the posterior choroidal leiomyoma....
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Background Quantitative T2* MRI is the standard of care for the assessment of iron overload. However, patient motion corrupts T2* estimates. Purpose To develop and evaluate a motion‐robust, simultaneous cardiac and liver T2* imaging approach using non‐Cartesian, rosette sampling and a model‐based reconstruction as compared to clinical‐standard Cartesian MRI. Study Type Prospective. Phantom/Population Six ferumoxytol‐containing phantoms (26–288 μg/mL). Eight healthy subjects and...
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