Objectives/Hypothesis To assess the ability of near‐infrared fluorescence imaging (NIFI) to identify parathyroid glands (PGs) among histologically proven PG/non‐PG specimens compared with a surgeon's visual acumen, and to determine NIFI sensitivity in detecting incidentally resected PGs from thyroidectomy specimens, compared to the surgeon's visual inspection. Study Design Prospective study. Methods With mean age of 61 years, 36 patients with various thyroid diseases were enrolled. Possible...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 15:13
Objectives/Hypothesis The effects of different electrocautery power settings on mucosal contraction and margin status in the oral cavity have not been well established. The aim of this study was to examine how different levels of electrocautery energy outputs affect oral mucosal tissue margins. Study Design Animal model. Methods A model of 23 adult rats was used (two specimens per rat). After anesthetizing the animals, a 6‐mm biopsy punch marked the resection margin on the buccal mucosa...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 15:16
Objectives/Hypothesis While virtual reality (VR) has been used as analgesia and anxiolysis for invasive procedures, no literature exists on the use of VR in the pediatric otolaryngology setting. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of VR in reducing pain and anxiety for pediatric otolaryngology patients. Methods A total of 53 patients aged 7–17 undergoing in‐office nasal endoscopies were included. Patients were randomized to receive VR or standard of care. Procedural pain,...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 16:01
Objective Recent anecdotal reports and cadaveric simulations have described aerosol generation during endonasal instrumentation, highlighting a possible risk for transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) during endoscopic endonasal instrumentation. This study aims to provide a greater understanding of particle generation and exposure risk during endoscopic endonasal instrumentation. Study Design Prospective quantification of aerosol generation during office‐based...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 16:16
Abstract Purpose : To evaluate and synthesize the existing evidence on the microbiological and human immune response associated with peri‐implantitis in comparison to healthy implants. Materials and Methods : Three electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched in October 2019 to identify clinical studies evaluating the microbiota and the immune response associated with peri‐implantitis. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and used the full text...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 13:30
NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansions were recently identified in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID); however, it remains unclear whether they occur in other neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to investigate the role of intermediate‐length NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansions in Parkinson's disease (PD). We screened for GGC repeat expansions in a cohort of 1011 PD patients and identified 11 patients with intermediate‐length repeat expansions ranging 41–52 repeats, with no repeat expansions...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 12:01
Objective Cortical spreading depression (SD) is an intense depolarization underlying migraine aura. Despite the weight of evidence linking SD to the pain phase of migraine, controversy remains over a causal role of SD in cephalgia because of the invasive nature of previous SD induction methods. To overcome this problem, we employed a novel minimally invasive optogenetic SD induction method and examined the effect SD on behavior. Methods Optogenetic SD was induced as a single event or repeatedly...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 12:35
Objective To evaluate if the cognitive benefit of rivastigmine is affected by the presence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) in patients with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Methods We conducted a post‐hoc analysis on 1,047 PDD patients from two randomized controlled trials comparing rivastigmine vs. placebo at week 24 (n = 501) and rivastigmine patch vs. capsule at week 76 (n = 546). A drop ≥20 mm Hg in systolic or ≥ 10 in diastolic blood pressure upon standing classified subjects as OH+;...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 15:03
Appendectomy has long been the standard treatment for appendicitis, even though successful use of antibiotic therapy as an alternative was reported more than 60 years ago. Although there have been several randomized trials of antibiotics for appendicitis in adults, exclusion of important subgroups…
Mon Oct 05, 2020 03:00
Appendectomy has long been the standard treatment for appendicitis, even though successful use of antibiotic therapy as an alternative was reported more than 60 years ago. Although there have been several randomized trials of antibiotics for appendicitis in adults, exclusion of important subgroups…
Mon Oct 05, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2020Source: Allergology InternationalAuthor(s): Ami Aoki, Kiyoshi Hirahara, Masahiro Kiuchi, Toshinori Nakayama
Mon Oct 05, 2020 22:26
Appendectomy has long been the standard treatment for appendicitis, even though successful use of antibiotic therapy as an alternative was reported more than 60 years ago. Although there have been several randomized trials of antibiotics for appendicitis in adults, exclusion of important subgroups…
Mon Oct 05, 2020 03:00
Baicalein Restores the Balance of Th17/Treg Cells via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Attenuate Colitis
As one of the ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), baicalein, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been proved to exert potential therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis (UC), but its therapeutic mechanism remains obscure. Authentically, ulcerative colitis can be alleviated by regulating the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells via AhR activation. So, our study planned to prove the hypothesis that baicalein protected mice against UC by regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 14:50
Background and Purpose. The main goal of the study was to assess the usefulness of plasma concentrations of catestatin as a predictor of a composite endpoint (CE): unplanned hospitalization and death for all causes in patients with HFrEF in the midterm follow-up. Experimental Approach. The study group consisted of 52 Caucasian patients in NYHA classes II and III. The control group consisted of 24 healthy volunteers. The biomarkers, whose concentration was assessed before and after physical exertion...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 11:20
Abstract Hair‐Pulling Disorder (Trichotillomania) is a disabling mental disorder. Patient's behavior is characterized by the recurrent pulling of own hair with hair loss and a marked dysfunction in various areas of daily life. Trichotillomania is a relatively common disorder with pediatric onset, often associated with significant morbidity, comorbidity, and functional decline. Surprisingly, children or adolescents have been little studied in the research studies on the pathophysiology and psychopathology...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 22:07
Publication date: Available online 4 October 2020Source: Gait & PostureAuthor(s): Smeets Annemie, Verschueren Sabine, Staes Filip, Vandenneucker Hilde, Claes Steven, Vanrenterghem Jos
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:40
Abstract Studies have examined the utility of DNA methylation as a biomarker of psoriasis treatment responses, but investigations of treatment responses with Skin‐Blood DNA methylation age (SkinBloodAge) – a methylation‐based measure of health designed using skin tissues – are lacking. Using a HumanMethylation450 BeadChip blood DNA methylation dataset from 70 white patients who presented with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis and were treated with anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents in Madrid,...
Sun Oct 04, 2020 20:18
ABSTRACT While human eccrine sweat glands respond to adrenergic agonists, there remains a paucity of information on the factors modulating this response. Thus, we assessed the relative contribution of α‐ and β‐ adrenergic sweating during a heat exposure and as a function of individual factors of sex and training status. α‐ and β‐adrenergic sweating was assessed in forty‐eight healthy young men (n=35) and women (n=13) including endurance‐trained (n=12) and untrained men (n=12) under non‐heat exposure...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 11:27
Our study was carried out to investigate the presence of known differences in voice and articulation quality after total laryngectomy. Patients provided phonation with tracheoesophageal speech prosthesis. We recorded patients’ voice onset time (VOT) values – an important parameter of acoustic analysis.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 03:00
Among professional voice users, teachers are subject to higher risks of developing occupational dysphonia due to their abusive use of the voice, usually under unfavorable conditions.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 03:00
Isolated laryngeal blastomycosis is an extremely rare entity with few cases described in the medical literature. Nonspecific and chronic presenting symptoms such as dysphonia, dyspnea, dysphagia, and/or cough are described, with isolated reports requiring urgent management related to respiratory distress. We present a case report of a 63-year-old immunocompetent female diagnosed with isolated laryngeal blastomycosis, document the treatment regimen and subsequent clinical course. In view of the rarity...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 03:00
Key Points Foxp3+ cells are more highly represented in newborn spleen, lung, and circulation. Newborn Tregs express higher levels of Foxp3 and CD25 compared with adults. Newborn and adult Tregs differ in their survival and response to TCR engagement.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points Rectal balloon collections minimize blood contamination of mucosal Ig. Rectal balloon collections require ring lubrication to reduce blood contamination. Rectal balloon collection is quick and well tolerated in humans.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points cDC subset differentiation from precommitted precursors is not proportional. CD135 is differentially expressed in the cDC1 and cDC2 lineages. Late stages of cDC1 differentiation are independent of FLT3L.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points hC3Nb3 inhibits classical pathway–mediated hemolysis. hC3Nb3 inhibits alternative pathway–mediated C3 fragment deposition. hC3Nb3 provides a new tool for studies of the complement system.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points Anti-PC and anti-MDA IgMs develop differently during early human life. The newborn IgM anti-PC level is much lower than anti-MDA compared with mothers’ levels. Newborns have diverse clones with lower peptide abundance compared with the mothers.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points The canonical Wnt pathway in intestinal APCs protects against CAC. LRP5/6–β-catenin–IL-10 signaling in APCs suppresses chronic intestinal inflammation. This pathway plays an important role in regulating intestinal commensal homeostasis.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
PIK3IP1 Promotes Extrafollicular Class Switching in T-Dependent Immune Responses [IMMUNE REGULATION]
Key Points PIK3IP1 is expressed in B cells and is downregulated late after activation. Lack of PIK3IP1 impairs early class switching during T-dependent responses. PIK3IP1 is not required for germinal center responses or T-independent responses.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points ADAMTS5 is upregulated in human IgA nephropathy lesions. ADAMTS5 is related to inflammatory infiltrates in affected kidneys. ADAMTS5 digests kidney matrix proteins and cleaves complement C3 and fibronectin.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points Tupaia MAVS can be cleaved by HCV NS3/4A. tMAVS impaired the IRF3-mediated, but not NF-B–mediated, antiviral signaling. The activation of NF-B inhibited HCV replication and persistent infection.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points p53 precludes Cas9-mediated gene disruption in memory CD8 T cells. Temporarily subduing p53 enables gene editing in memory CD8 T cells in vivo. Cas9-mediated gene ablations in memory CD8 T cells are retained through recall.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points WIV immunization resulted in early but transient Ag presentation and CD4 responses. Adding checkpoint Ag at day 5 promoted lung CD4 memory TRM and helper function. High checkpoint Ag doses were required to drive the effectors to optimal memory.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points Pathogen-specific TM are a prodigious source of chemokines. The chemokine-expression patterns of TM largely resemble those of TE. Unique TM chemokine signatures in acute/chronic infection are of diagnostic value.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points ST-4 induces CD8 T cell activation and increases TCRVβ 8.2 and 8.3 subgroup expression. ST-4 promotes CD8 fatty acid metabolic program via mTOR/PPAR/SREBP signal pathway. ST-4 promotes CD8 mitochondrial energy metabolic program via p38 signal pathway.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points A TIGIT-blocking Ab (T4) requires CD8+ T and NK cells to confer antitumor effects. T4-mediated Fc-dependent Treg depletion via NKs induces additional CD8+ T responses. T4 Ab treatment confers durable T cell immune memory against multiple tumor types.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points T cell–secreted GM-CSF is a key mediator of constitutive CCL22 expression. Induction of CCL22 represents a novel immunoregulatory mechanism of GM-CSF.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
Key Points Pig IGHG genes can be classified into nine subclasses. An evolutionary model for pig IGHG genes was proposed. A mouse mAb 4A4 specific to the pig IgG3 was developed.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 23:00
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