Solomon Joseph Hassan, Yikawe Stephen Semen, Dabit Othniel Josep, Ekuma Otu Gabriel, Osisi Kingsley, Solomon Ndudiri CalistaIndian Journal of Otology 2021 27(1):44-46
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in managing patients with chronic inflammation of the middle ear cleft in our facility. This is also a concern in many sub-Saharan African and Asian countries. Many secondary and primary health facilities lack the services of trained ear nose and throat nurses, and it is rare to have an otorhinolarynogologist in these centers. To reduce the risks of antibiotics resistance and complications from middle ear cleft infection, there is a need to know the pattern of microbial susceptibility to facilitate the selection of antibiotics in treating patients with chronic otitis media in the region. Methodology: We carried out a prospective, hospital-based study in a secondary health facility in Makurdi, North-Central Nigeria, for 11 months from August 2018 to July 2019. One hundred and twelve patients of all age groups with chronically discharging ear (s) were consecutively recruited for the study. Ear swabs were carefully taken from the middle ear using sterile swab sticks and quickly taken for microscopy culture and sensitivity. The results were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 20. Results: One hundred and twelve patients were recruited with ages ranging from <1 year to 56 years. Nearly 57.1% were female and 42.9% were male. Thirty-two (28.6%) of the swab taken yielded no growth. Pseudomonas spp. was the most frequent isolate (50%), and Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, and Streptococcus spp. isolated in 10.7%, 7.1%, and 3.6%, respectively. Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and Klebsiella spp. had the highest susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (88%–98%); only 50% by Staphylococcus spp. Gentamicin was effective against all the isolates (70%–97%). All four isolates also showed moderate-to-high susceptibility to levofloxacin and pefloxacin; organisms showed least sensitivity to ofloxacin (30%–58%). Conclusion: Pseudomonas spp. is the most common isolate in chronic otitis media patients in this subregion, with excellent susc eptibility to ciprofloxacin (98%). All isolates had a good level of susceptibility to the commonly used topical antibiotics, except for ofloxacin (30%–58%). More studies should be done at intervals to note any change in microbial isolates and susceptibility pattern, this will enhance success in treating chronic otitis media.
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