Simultaneous Adsorption and Electrochemical Reduction of N-Nitrosodimethylamine using Carbon-Ti4O7 Composite Reactive Electrochemical Membranes.

Simultaneous Adsorption and Electrochemical Reduction of N-Nitrosodimethylamine using Carbon-Ti4O7 Composite Reactive Electrochemical Membranes.

Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Dec 14;:

Authors: Almassi S, Li Z, Xu W, Pu C, Zeng T, Chaplin BP

Abstract
This study focused on synthesis and characterization of Ti4O7 reactive electrochemical membranes (REMs) amended with powder activated carbon (PAC) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). These composite REMs were evaluated for simultaneous adsorption and electrochemical reduction of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). The carbon-Ti4O7 composite REMs had high electrical conductivities (1832 to 2991 S m-1), where carbon and Ti4O7 were in direct electrical contact. Addition of carbonaceous materials increased the residence times of NDMA in the REMs by a factor of 3.8 to 5.4 and therefore allowed for significant electrochemical NDMA reduction. The treatment of synthetic solutions containing 10 M NDMA achieved > 4-log NDMA removal in a single pass (liquid residence time of 11 to 22 s) through the PAC-REM and MWCNT-REM with the application of a -1.1 V/SHE cathodic potential, with permeate concentrations between 18 and 80 ng L-1. The treatment of a 6.7 nM NDMA-spiked surface water sample, under similar operating conditions (liquid residence time of 22 s), achieved 92 to 97% removal with permeate concentrations between 16 and 40 ng L-1. Density functional theory calculations determined a probable reaction mechanism for NDMA reduction, where the rate-limiting step was a direct electron transfer reaction.

PMID: 30547581 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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