Medicines, Vol. 7, Pages 64: Quantification of the Ability of Natural Products to Prevent Herpes Virus Infection:
Medicines, Vol. 7, Pages 64: Quantification of the Ability of Natural Products to Prevent Herpes Virus Infection
Medicines doi: 10.3390/medicines7100064
Authors:
Kunihiko Fukuchi
Hiroshi Sakagami
Yoshiaki Sugita
Koichi Takao
Daisuke Asai
Shigemi Terakubo
Hiromu Takemura
Hirokazu Ohno
Misaki Horiuchi
Madoka Suguro
Tomohiro Fujisawa
Kazuki Toeda
Hiroshi Oizumi
Toshikazu Yasui
Takaaki Oizumi
Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is usually dormant and becomes apparent when body conditions decline. We investigated the anti-HSV activity of various natural and synthetic compounds for future clinical application. Methods: Mock- and HSV-infected Vero cells were treated for three days with various concentrations of samples. For short exposure, 100-fold concentrated virus were preincubated for 3 min with samples, diluted to normal multiplicity of infection (MOI), before the addition to the cells. Anti-HSV activity was evaluated by the chemotherapy index. Results: Alkaline extracts of the leaves of Sasa sp. (SE) and pine cone (PCE) showed higher anti-HSV activity than 20 Japanese traditional herb medicines (Kampo formulas), four popular polyphenols, and 119 chromone-related compounds. Exposure of HSV to SE or PCE for 3 min almost completely eliminated the infectivity of HSV, whereas much longer exposure time was required for Kakkonto, the most active Kampo formulae. Anti-HSV activity of PCE and Kakkonto could be detected only when they were dissolved by alkaline solution (pH 8.0), but not by neutral buffer (pH 7.4). Anti-HSV activity of SE and povidone iodine was stable if they were diluted with neutral buffer. Conclusions: The present study suggests the applicability of SE and PCE for treatment of oral HSV and possibly other viruses.
Monday, October 5, 2020
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 06 October 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-01100-3A first-in-human phase 1 and pharmacological study of TAS-119, a novel selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor in patients with advanced solid tumours
03:00
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 06 October 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-01083-1Searching for causal relationships of glioma: a phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation study
03:00
Background Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an aggressive malignancy originating from the parafollicular C cells. Preoperatively, thyroid nodule fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and pathogenic gene mutations are definitive in approximately one‐half of cases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, noncoding, single‐stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression, a characteristic that confers the potential for identifying malignancy. In the current study, the authors hypothesized that differential...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 12:29
The order Carnivora, which currently includes 296 species classified into 16 families, is distributed across all continents. The phylogeny and the timing of diversifications are still a matter of debate. Here, complete mitochondrial genomes were analysed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships and to estimate divergence times among species of Carnivora. We assembled 51 new mitogenomes from 13 families, and aligned them with available mitogenomes by selecting only those showing more than 1%...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 03:00
ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate hard and soft tissues around implants placed in posterior mandible 1 year after vertical ridge augmentation (VRA). Materials and Methods 40 patients with vertical defects were enrolled and treated according to the study protocol. Patients were randomly divided into two study groups: reinforced‐PTFE membranes (group‐A) and titanium‐meshes plus collagen membranes (group‐B). All patients received simultaneously implants which were evaluated...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 16:13
Abstract A range of clinical findings have been associated with heterozygous mutations in the Beta Tubulin (TUBB) gene, including microcephaly, structural brain abnormalities, intellectual disability, and skin creases. We report a 5‐year‐old male who presented for evaluation of cleft palate, cardiac defects, growth retardation, hemivertebrae causing scoliosis, and preauricular skin tags. Previous clinical exome sequencing of this patient was nondiagnostic, but reanalysis in the research setting...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 13:24
Puerarin Inhibits the Progression of Bladder Cancer by Regulating circ_0020394/miR-328-3p/NRBP1 Axis
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 10:00
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 10:00
Production of genetically modified mice including Knock-out (KO) or Knock-in (KI) mice is necessary for organism-level phenotype analysis. Embryonic stem cell (ESC)-based technologies can produce many genetica...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 03:00
Objective The neuro-anatomical substrates of major depressive disorder (MDD) remain poorly understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphism (Val66Met/rs6265) is associated with neuro-plasticity and development. In the present study, we explore the influence of BDNF gene polymorphism on cortical thickness in nonelderly, first episode, drug-naive patients with MDD. Methods Two hundred and sixteen participants (105 MDD patients and 111 healthy controls) were divided into...
01:32
Rodent models for cerebral infarction are useful for studying human focal ischemic cerebral infarction, by simulating etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. However, differences in the selection of anesthetic drugs, surgical methods and other factors may affect the extent to which preclinical models reflect the human condition. This review summarizes these factors. We searched pertinent literature from the MEDLINE and Web of Science databases, and reviewed differences in rodent strain, anesthesia...
01:32
Mindfulness meditation has become a promising intervention for promoting health and well-being. Neuroimaging studies have shown its beneficial effects on brain functional activity, connectivity, and structures following months to years of practice. A series of randomized controlled trials indicated that one form of mindfulness meditation, the integrative body-mind training (IBMT) induces brain functional and structural changes in brain regions related to self-control networks such as the anterior...
01:32
The small molecule inhibitor PR-619 protects retinal ganglion cells against glutamate excitotoxicity
Glutamate excitotoxicity may contribute to the death of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) in glaucoma and other retinal diseases such as ischemia. Deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) inhibitors are emerging as attractive targets for pharmacological intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of PR-619, the broad spectrum DUB inhibitor, on RGCs under different stressful environment remains largely unknown. This study was designed to investigate the role of PR-619 in regulating mitophagy of RGCs...
01:32
Objectives To determine if vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) changes with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Serum from a naturalistic population of 15 patients with MDD was collected at baseline and after standard TMS treatment. VEGF concentration was determined via ELISA. Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report and Patient Health Questionnaire were used as a measure of depression symptom severity, clinical...
01:32
Increasing evidence supports schizophrenia may be a neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been reported to have neuroprotective effects and be effective in treating neurodegenerative disorders including schizophrenia. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect and underlying neuroprotective mechanism of fluoxetine on the sensorimotor gating deficit, a schizophrenia-like behavior in a neurodevelopmental schizophrenic...
01:32
Closed-head, frontal impacts in which the brain undergoes both lateral and rotational acceleration comprise the majority of human traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we utilize a clinically relevant model to examine the effects of a single concussion on aspects of brain integrity: the blood–brain barrier, the perineuronal nets (PNNs), and diffuse axonal injury. Adult, male Sprague–Dawley rats received either a frontal, closed-head concussive TBI, or no injury and were evaluated at 1- or 7-day post-injury....
01:32
Previous studies have shown that the cross-modal pre-preparation effect is an important factor for audiovisual integration. However, the facilitating influence of the pre-preparation effect on the integration of emotional cues remains unclear. Therefore, this study examined the emotional pre-preparation effect during the multistage process of audiovisual integration. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants performed a synchronous or asynchronous integration task with fearful...
01:32
Voting is now open for the 2020 Oticon Focus on People Awards at www.Oticon.com/FOP. People are invited to cast their votes for the 12 finalists who represent the "best of the best" from this year's nominations in each of four categories: Student, Adult, Advocacy and Practitioner. The total number of votes received by each finalist will help to determine who will be the first, second and third place winners in each category.This is the 22nd year that the Oticon Focus on People Awards has honored...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 13:51
Objectives: Oncological treatments of older patients have many unresolved questions mainly because of the fact that these patients were not eligible to be included in most clinical trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment approach to localized rectal cancer in the older population, including complication rates and overall survival in patients treated with curative intent. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients older than 80 years old (group A) who...
Fri Oct 02, 2020 03:00
Stem Cells and Development, Ahead of Print.
Mon Oct 05, 2020 10:00
Appendectomy has long been the standard treatment for appendicitis, even though successful use of antibiotic therapy as an alternative was reported more than 60 years ago. Although there have been several randomized trials of antibiotics for appendicitis in adults, exclusion of important subgroups…
Mon Oct 05, 2020 03:00
More than 30 years ago, while I was in training, the best diagnostician I have ever met said — much to my surprise — that some patients who had uncomplicated appendicitis could be successfully treated nonoperatively. He had drawn that conclusion from his practical experiences in the medical corps,…
Mon Oct 05, 2020 03:00
Summary Background and objectives Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (CPAN) is a comparatively rare form of vasculitis that affects small arteries and arterioles in the panniculus and dermo‐subcutaneous junction. Limited information is available regarding its course in the European population. The aim of this study is to characterize the manifestations and prognostic markers of recurrence in CPAN. Patients and methods We report a retrospective study of patients with clinical and histopathologic...
Sun Oct 04, 2020 21:00
Summary Background and objectives Choice of treatment for advanced melanoma is crucially influenced by comorbidities and patient preferences. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of comorbidities on preferences. Patients and methods 150 patients with melanoma stage IIC–IV completed a discrete choice experiment to determine preferences for outcome (overall response rate [ORR], 2‐year survival, progression‐free survival [PFS], time to response [TTR], kind of adverse events [AE], AE‐related...
Sun Oct 04, 2020 21:00
Summary Hair loss is a symptom that can cause stigmatization and severe impairment of quality of life. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature on stigmatization of hair loss. Using predefined MeSH terms and keywords, a systematic search was performed in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, PsycINFO and PsycNET. No time restriction was chosen (last update: May 07, 2019; PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019122966). A total of 98 studies were identified, of which eleven...
Sun Oct 04, 2020 21:10
Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised the treatment of solid tumours with dramatic and durable responses seen across multiple tumour types. However, identifying patients who will respond to these drugs remains challenging, particularly in the context of advanced and previously treated cancers. Experimental Design: We characterised fresh tumour biopsies from a heterogeneous pan-cancer cohort of 98 patients with metastatic predominantly pre-treated disease through the Personalized...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 16:29
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715815 Objective Access to the infratemporal fossa (ITF) is complicated by its complex neurovascular relationships. In addition, copious bleeding from the pterygoid plexus adds to surgical challenge. This study aims to detail the anatomical relationships among the internal maxillary artery (IMA), pterygoid plexus, V3, and pterygoid muscles in ITF. Furthermore, it introduces a novel approach that displaces the lateral pterygoid plate (LPP)...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 02:00
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715593 Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CD68 (+) histiocytic macrophages (H-M) in the nasal polyp pathogenesis. Materials and Methods The study group consisted of 24 adult patients with nasal polyposis. The control group consisted of 11 adult patients without nasal polyps. A total of 36 nasal polyp samples (10-nasal cavity, 10-maxillary sinus, and 16-ethmoid sinus) from the study group and 11 inferior...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 02:00
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716677 Objective The aim of this study is to determine if pretreatment growth of sporadic vestibular schwannomas (VS) predicts postradiosurgery response. Methods This study was a retrospective chart review at a tertiary referral center of patients with VS that had at least two pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies at least 6 months apart and underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery with a minimum of 14 months postradiosurgery...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 02:00
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715811 Objective Venous sinus compromise (VSC) of the sigmoid sinus can manifest as either venous sinus thrombosis, stenosis, or a combination of the two. It may occur following retro and presigmoid craniotomy, even in the absence of overt intraoperative sinus injury. Currently, the optimal management of VSC in the perioperative period is not well established. We report our incidence and management of VSC following skull base surgery around...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 02:00
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715809 Objective The aim of this study is to determine if Hyams grade may help predict which patients with esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) tumors are likely to develop regional recurrences, and to determine the impact of tumor extent on regional failure in ENB patients without evidence of nodal disease at presentation. Design The study was designed as a retrospective review for ENB patients. Settings The study was prepared...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 02:00
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715812 Objective The aim of this study is to present our experience in dealing with middle ear adenomas (MEAs), very rare tumors of the middle ear. Methods The medical notes of individuals with MEAs treated in tertiary referral; academic settings were retrospectively reviewed. We recorded the presenting symptoms, imaging findings, and pathology results. We additionally examined our surgical outcomes, follow-up period, recurrence,...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 02:00
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713105 Objective The role of anticoagulation (AC) in the management of otogenic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (OCVST) remains controversial. Our study aims to better define when AC is used in OCVST. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception to February 14, 2019 for English and English-translated articles. References cited in publications meeting search criteria were searched. Titles and...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 02:00
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715559 Background Antero-laterally located meningiomas of the foramen magnum (FM) pose significant surgical resection challenges. The effect of FM shape on surgical resection of FM meningiomas has not been previously studied. The present study investigates how FM shape effects the extent of tumor resection and complication rates in antero-lateral FM meningiomas. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 16 consecutive...
Mon Oct 05, 2020 02:00
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 06 October 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-01111-0Deep sequencing detects human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancers negative for HPV by PCR
03:00
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 06 October 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-01100-3A first-in-human phase 1 and pharmacological study of TAS-119, a novel selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor in patients with advanced solid tumours
03:00
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