Abstract
The severity of COVID-19 is associated with individual genetic host factors. Among these, genetic polymorphisms affecting natural killer (NK) cell responses, as variations in the HLA-E- (HLA-E*0101/0103), FcγRIIIa- (FcγRIIIa-158-F/V), and NKG2C- (KLRC2 wt/del) receptor, were associated with severe COVID-19. Recently, the rs9916629-C/T genetic polymorphism was identified that indirectly shape the human NK cell repertoire towards highly pro-inflammatory CD56bright NK cells.
We investigated whether the rs9916629-C/T variants alone and in comparison to the other risk factors are associated with a fatal course of COVID-19. We included 1042 hospitalized surviving and 159 non-surviving COVID-19 patients as well as 1000 healthy controls. rs9916629-C/T variants were genotyped by TaqMan assays and were compared between the groups. The patients' age, comorbidities, HLA-E*0101/0103, FcγRIIIa-158-F/V, and KLRC2 wt/del variants were also determined. The presence of the rs9916629-C allele was a risk factor for severe and fatal COVID-19 (p<0.0001), independent of the patients' age or comorbidities. Fatal COVID-19 was more frequent in younger patients (<69.85 years) carrying the FcγRIIIa-158-V/V (p<0.006) and in older patients expressing the KLRC2 del variant (p<0.003). Thus, patients with the rs9916629-C allele have a significantly increased risk for fatal COVID-19 and identification of the genetic variants may be used as prognostic marker for hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
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