Background: Acute pancreatitis is a serious gastrointestinal disease that is an important target for drug safety surveillance. Little is known about the accuracy of ICD-10 codes for acute pancreatitis in the US, or their performance in specific clinical settings. We conducted a validation study to assess the accuracy of acute pancreatitis ICD-10 diagnosis codes in inpatient, emergency department (ED), and outpatient settings. Methods: We reviewed electronic medical records for encounters with acute pancreatitis diagnosis codes in an integrated healthcare system from October 2015 to December 2019. Trained abstractors and physician adjudicators determined whether events met criteria for acute pancreatitis. Results: Out of 1,844 eligible events, we randomly sampled 300 for review. Across all clinical settings, 182 events met validation criteria for an overall positive predictive value (PPV) of 61% (95% CI, 55-66%). The PPV was 87% (95% CI, 79-92%) for inpatient codes, but only 45% for ED (95% CI, 35-54%) and outpatient (95% CI, 34-55%) codes. ED and outpatient encounters accounted for 43% of validated events. Acute pancreatitis codes from any encounter type with lipase >3 times the upper limit of normal had a PPV of 92% (95% CI, 86-95%) and identified 85% of validated events (95% CI, 79-89%), while codes with lipase
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