ABSTRACT
Objective
To trace and understand the origin of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through various available literatures and accessible databases.
Background
While the world enters the third year of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the health and socio-economic impacts continue to mount, the origin and mechanisms of spill-over of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into humans, remain elusive.
Methods:
A systematic review of the literature is being showcased that integrated information obtained through manual searches, digital database (PubMed, CINAHL and MEDLINE) searches and searches from legitimate publications (1966-2022).
Results
Our systematic analysis proposes three postulated hypotheses concerning the origin of the SARS-CoV-2, which include Zoonotic origin (Z), Laboratory origin (L) and obscure origin (O). Despite the fact that the zoonotic origin for SARS-CoV- 2 has not been conclusively identified to date, our data suggest a zoonotic origin, in contrast to some alternative concepts, including the probability of a laboratory incident or leak.
Conclusions
Our data exhibits that Zoonotic origin (Z) has higher evidence-based support as compared to Laboratory origin (L). Importantly, based on all the studies included, we generated the forest plot with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the risk ratio estimates. Our analysis showed that the black diamond supports the zoonotic origin of SARS/SARS-CoV-2 in the included studies.
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