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Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

Monday, June 21, 2021

Atezolizumab-induced anaphylactic shock in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing immunotherapy: A case report

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World J Clin Cases. 2021 Jun 6;9(16):4110-4115. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i16.4110.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Atezolizumab is a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, and its combination with bevacizumab has been proven an effective immunotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can lead to hypersensitivity reactions; however, anaphylactic shock is rare. We present a case of life-threatening anaphylactic shock during atezolizumab infusion and performed a relevant literature review.

CASE SUMMARY: A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with HCC recurrence after hepatectomy. He was administered immunotherapy with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab after an allergy to a programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor. The patient showed a sudden onset of dizziness, numbness, and lack of consciousness with severe hypotension during atezolizumab infusion. The treatment was stopped immediately. Th e patient's symptoms resolved after 5 mg dexamethasone was administered. Because of repeated hypersensitivity reactions to ICIs, treatment was changed to oral targeted regorafenib therapy.

CONCLUSION: Further research is necessary for elucidating the hypersensitivity mechanisms and establishing standardized skin test and desensitization protocols associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 to ensure effective treatment with ICIs.

PMID:34141773 | PMC:PMC81 80205 | DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v9.i16.4110

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