Objectives: Haloperidol is commonly administered in the ICU to reduce the burden of delirium and its related symptoms despite no clear evidence showing haloperidol helps to resolve delirium or improve survival. We evaluated the association between haloperidol, when used to treat incident ICU delirium and its symptoms, and mortality. Design: Post hoc cohort analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, delirium prevention trial. Setting: Fourteen Dutch ICUs between July 2013 and December 2016. Patients: One-thousand four-hundred ninety-five critically ill adults free from delirium at ICU admission having an expected ICU stay greater than or equal to 2 days. Interventions: Patients received preventive haloperidol or placebo for up to 28 days until delirium occurrence, death, or ICU discharge. If delirium occurred, treatment with open-label IV haloperidol 2 mg tid (up to 5 mg tid per delirium symptoms) was administered at clinician discretion. Measurements and Main Results: Patients were evaluated tid for delirium and coma for 28 days. Time-varying Cox hazards models were constructed for 28-day and 90-day mortality, controlling for study-arm, delirium and coma days, age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score, sepsis, mechanical ventilation, and ICU length of stay. Among the 1,495 patients, 542 (36%) developed delirium within 28 days (median [interquartile range] with delirium 4 d [2–7 d]). A total of 477 of 542 (88%) received treatment haloperidol (2.1 mg [1.0–3.8 mg] daily) for 6 days (3–11 d). Each milligram of treatment haloperidol administered daily was associated with decreased mortality at 28 days (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91–0.95) and 90 days (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96–0.98). Treatment haloperidol administered later in the ICU course was less protective of death. Results were stable by prevention study-arm, predelirium haloperidol exposure, and haloperidol treatment protocol adherence. Conclusions: Treatment of incident delirium and its symptoms with haloperidol may be associated with a dose-dependent improvement in survival. Future randomized trials need to confirm these results. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website (http://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal). Supported, in part, by ZonMw program Goed Gebruik Geneesmiddelen (dossier number 836031004). ZonMw had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Dr. Duprey's efforts are supported by the National Institute of Aging 1F31AG066460-01. Drs. Duprey, Devlin, Briesacher, and Saczynski received support for article research from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Duprey disclosed off-label product use of haloperidol for delirium. Dr. van den Boogaard's institution received funding and support for research from ZonMw. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest. For information regarding this aticle, E-mail: j.devlin@neu.edu Copyright © by 2021 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
No comments:
Post a Comment