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Monday, February 15, 2021

Evaluation of Upper Airway in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography

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Objective

Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers three‐dimensional structures in assessing upper airway of patients. This study aims to compare the cone‐beam computerized tomography scan measurements between children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and primary snoring.

Study Design

Case–control study.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary referral center. Thirty‐six children with moderate‐to‐severe OSA (with apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] > 5 events/hour) and 36 age‐, gender‐, and obesity‐matched children with primary snoring (AHI <1) were enrolled. The measurements in CBCT parameters were compared between children with moderate‐to‐severe OSA and primary snorers by conditional logistic regression model.

Results

A total of 72 children (mean age, 7.9 ± 2.8 years; 64% male) were included. Children with moderate‐to‐severe OSA had a significantly smaller nasopharyngeal (2900 ± 1400 vs. 3800 ± 1800 mm3, P = .017) and oropharyngeal airway volume (5600 ± 2700 vs. 7400 ± 4000 mm3, P = .026) than those with primary snoring. Children with moderate‐to‐severe OSA, as compared to primary snorers, also had a significantly smaller minimal airway area in nasopharynx (77.4 ± 37.7 vs. 107.7 ± 52.0 mm2, P = .006) and oropharynx (66.6 ± 61.9 vs. 101.6 ± 65.8 mm2, P = .023). Moreover, the airway length was not significantly different between children with moderate‐to‐severe OSA and primary snoring.

Conclusions

The three‐dimensional CBCT airway analysis could be used as a useful tool to evaluate upper airway in children with OSA.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 131:680–685, 2021

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