The Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve Without Abnormal Subclavian Artery: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve Without Abnormal Subclavian Artery: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature Via ear nose throat Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 Dec 22:1455613211056547. doi: 10.1177/01455613211056547. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT As a variant of recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (RILN), the nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN) is closely related to the occurrence of abnormal subclavian artery (ASA). The nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve has been found in patients without arterial abnormalities, which is seen in the coexistence of NRILN and RILN, but it is easily confused with sympathetic-inferior laryngeal anastomosis branch (SILAB). We encountered 2 right NRILN patients without ASA during thyroid surgery. This article summarizes the characteristics of these cases and proposes methods to distinguish the coexistence of NRILN and RILN from SILAB. So far, 11 articles have reported 16 cases of NRILN without arterial abnormalities. In patients without artery abnormality, the vagus nerve could send out a descending branch NRILN at the bifurcation of the carotid artery and enter the larynx after anastomosis with RILN. Adequate dissection of the carotid sheath may avoid confusion with SILAB, and neural monitoring is also expected to provide a reference for the identification. PMID:34935547 | DOI:10.1177/01455613211056547 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Paracrine mechanisms of endothelial progenitor cells in vascular repair

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Paracrine mechanisms of endothelial progenitor cells in vascular repair Via histochem Acta Histochem. 2021 Dec 17;124(1):151833. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151833. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in repairing damaged blood vessels and promoting neovascularization. However, the specific mechanism of EPCs promoting vascular repair is still unclear. Currently, there are two different views on the repair of damaged vessels by EPCs, one is that EPCs can directly differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) a nd integrate into injured vessels, the other is that EPCs act on cells and blood vessels by releasing paracrine substances. But more evidence now supports the latter. Therefore, the paracrine mechanisms of EPCs are worth further study. This review describes the substances secreted by EPCs, some applications based on paracrine effects of EPCs, and the studies of paracrine mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases--all of these are to support the view that EPCs repair blood vessels through paracrine effects rather than integrating directly into damaged vessels. PMID:34929523 | DOI:10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151833 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Preclinical evidence for pioglitazone and bexarotene combination in oral cancer chemoprevention

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Preclinical evidence for pioglitazone and bexarotene combination in oral cancer chemoprevention Via Head & Neck Abstract Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) requires new treatments and targeted approaches to improve survival. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and retinoic X receptor alpha (RXRα) nuclear receptor pathways may be targetable with repurposed Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agents for prevention and treatment. Methods Oral cancer and leukoplakia cell lines were treated with the PPARγ agonist (pioglitazone) and RXRα activator (bexarotene). PPARγ activation, cellular proliferation, apoptosis activity and phenotype, including the pharmacodynamic marker, involucrin (IVL), were subsequently analyzed using a reporter gene assay, genomic data, MTT assay and western blot. Results Microarray analysis of HNSCC tumor versus normal tissue shows IVL expression is significantly increased in normal tissue compared to HNSCC tumors (p < 0.0001). In MSK Leuk1 and CA 9-22 cell lines, pioglitazone increases PPARγ DNA binding activity and IVL promoter activity in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001). Combination treatment with pioglitazone and bexarotene increases PPARγ DNA binding activity and IVL promoter activity (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001). MTT analysis shows decreases in cell proliferation when cells are treated with pioglitazone and bexarotene. Decreases in cell proliferation are significant to at least p < 0.05 for all combination versus single agent treatments. Western blot on whole-cell lysate from cells treated with pioglitazone and bexarotene alone or in combination for IVL showed increased protein levels with combination treatment. Conclusions Targeting the PPARγ/RXRα heterodimer with pioglitazone and bexarotene was effective in this preclinical project. This was functional in both preneoplastic and oral cancer cell lines. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism on downstream effects on cellular proliferation could potentially have implications clinically, both in oral preneoplasia and possibly head and neck cancer; however, more research needs to be done to explore the potential these medications have in chemoprevention. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

An audit of post‐operative pain scores after endoscopic and microscopic ear surgery

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader An audit of post‐operative pain scores after endoscopic and microscopic ear surgery Via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract -Endoscopic ear surgery is often described as minimally invasive, which may reduce postoperative pain -VAS pain scores related to endoscopic ear surgery were lower than those related to microscopic ear surgery in our cohort within the first post-operative week -At day one, two and seven, analgesia requirements were lower in the endoscopic ear surgery group than the microscopic ear surgery group -Opioid analgesia requirement was lower in the endoscopic ear surgery group than the microscopic ear surgery group at days one and two post-operatively -Due to the differing applications of endoscopic and microscopic ear surgery, further research may be required to study the influence of type of surgery, degree of bone removal and approach on pain after ear surgery. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

What is the impact of mastoid surgery on swimming?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader What is the impact of mastoid surgery on swimming? Via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Swimming confers significant physical and mental health benefits to people but there is little evidence regarding the impact of mastoid surgery on this activity. Almost half of the patients (46.7%) swim less after mastoid surgery. Occasional swimmers are affected mostly. The need to protect the ear and dizziness are the main reasons to discontinue swimming. Acute incapacitating vertigo occurs in 8.9% patients during swimming. No difference in swimming frequency between patients with a closed or an open mastoid cavity was observed. The presence of a wet ear after surgery and the use of prophylactic measures did not affect the swimming frequency. Patients should not be discouraged from swimming on the basis of mastoid surgery. We recommend a trial of swimming with or without protection in shallow waters first, under the supervision of an experience swimmer. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Efficacy and Safety of External Volume Expansion (EVE) on Fat Grafting: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Efficacy and Safety of External Volume Expansion (EVE) on Fat Grafting: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Nov 16:S1748-6815(21)00576-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.032. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The autologous fat grafting is commonly used for reconstructive or aesthetic purposes. However, due to the huge variation in methods, its retention rate varies a lot. External volume expansion (EVE) has been used to treat recipient sites of fat grafting. Concerns have been raised regarding its efficacy and safety. METHODS: We have searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for studies on EVE-assisted fat grafting published from 2000 to 2020. A meta-analysis was conducted to pool the retention rate. The incidence of complications was assessed for reconstructive or aesthetic purposes. RESULTS: The 11 included studies involved 1152 patients with operations on 1794 breasts. Four studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled retention rate was 65% [95%CI 49, 79]. Eight stu dies reported the complications. The total complication incidence was 34%, which is 35% for the aesthetic group and 33% for the reconstructive group. The complication rate was not obviously different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that the EVE-assisted fat grafting has better retention rate than traditional fat grafting. However, the data showed that the complication rate was much higher in the EVE-assisted group. PMID:34930704 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.032 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Reconstruction of midline abdominal defects with a deep inferior epigastric artery keystone-type perforator flap

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Reconstruction of midline abdominal defects with a deep inferior epigastric artery keystone-type perforator flap Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Dec 7:S1748-6815(21)00650-1. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.103. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:34930700 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.103 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.