Visual Servoing of Continuum Robots: Methods, Challenges, and Prospects

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Visual Servoing of Continuum Robots: Methods, Challenges, and Prospects Via The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery Abstract Recent advancements in continuum robotics have accentuated developing efficient and stable controllers to handle shape deformation and compliance. The control of continuum robots using physical sensors attached to the robot, particularly in confined spaces, is difficult due to their limited accuracy in three-dimensional deflections and challenging localization. Therefore, using non-contact imaging sensors finds noticeable importance, particularly in medical scenarios. Accordingly, given the need for direct control of the robot tip and notable uncertainties in kinematics and dynamics of continuum robots, many papers have focused on the visual servoing of continuum robots in recent years. The significance of this research toward safe human-robot interaction has fueled our survey on the previous methods, current challenges, and future opportunities. Beginning with actuation modalities and modeling approaches, the paper investigates visual servoing methods in medical and non-medical s cenarios. Finally, challenges and prospects of visual servoing for continuum robots are discussed, followed by concluding remarks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Hearing Loss After COVID-19 Vaccination Does Not Outweigh Vaccine Benefit

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Hearing Loss After COVID-19 Vaccination Does Not Outweigh Vaccine Benefit Via JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Online First Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is an acute onset impairment of hearing that may lead to permanent hearing loss and tinnitus. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms are unknown, and many cases are idiopathic, although viral infection is 1 possible causative factor. As a result, vaccination against viral infections may play a role in reducing the occurrence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. However, little is known about sudden sensorineural hearing loss as a potential adverse event after immunization; existing reports of sudden sensorineural hearing loss occurring after vaccination are rare, and an association has not been established. In this issue of JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 2 articles investigate occurrences of sudden sensorineural hearing loss after COVID-19 vaccination. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Changing Trends in the Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Strategies for Odontogenic Sinusitis Over the Past 10 Years

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Changing Trends in the Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Strategies for Odontogenic Sinusitis Over the Past 10 Years Via ear nose throat Ear Nose Throat J. 2022 Feb 24:1455613221080918. doi: 10.1177/01455613221080918. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: The incidence of odontogenic sinusitis has been gradually increasing due to the recent increases in invasive dental procedures. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of present patients with odontogenic sinusitis compared to the past, confirm the importance of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), and analyze the predictive factors for ESS. < p>METHODS: This retrospective review included all patients diagnosed with odontogenic sinusitis between January 2010 and December 2011 and between January 2019 and December 2020. The patients were classified into 2 groups (past and present) depending on the time of the first visit. The clinical characteristics and treatment modalities were compared between the two groups. In addition, among patients in the present group, we analyzed variables to identify factors contributing to the risk of undergoing ESS. RESULTS: This study included 56 patients (23 in the past group and 33 in the present group). Compared to the past group, the present group had an older mean age (P = .001) and significantly increased iatrogenic etiologies (52.1% vs 90.9%; P = .002). The proportion of patients treated with ESS also increased in the present group compared to that in the past group (39.1% vs 66.7%; P = .041). In the present group, 11 patients (33.3%) were cured with conserva tive treatment, while 22 patients (66.7%) underwent additional ESS. Multivariate analysis revealed that the Lund-Mackay score was the only significant predictor of ESS (odds ratio [OR]: 14.901, P = .035). CONCLUSION: The incidence of odontogenic sinusitis with iatrogenic etiologies has increased compared to the past. In addition, two-thirds of the patients in the present study underwent ESS, a significantly higher proportion than in the past. Therefore, ESS is one of the most important treatment modalities for odontogenic sinusitis, especially iatrogenic, in recent years. A severe Lund-Mackay score was associated with a significantly increased risk of ESS. PMID:35199606 | DOI:10.1177/01455613221080918 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Airway management in patients with lingual thyroid: a case report and review of the literature

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Airway management in patients with lingual thyroid: a case report and review of the literature Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Feb 24. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07310-0. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To review the management of patients with lingual thyroid (LT) causing upper airway obstruction and to suggest a diagnostic and therapeutic workflow. METHODS: A PubMed review of published cases from January 1980 up to December 2020 of LT causing upper airway obstruction. We selected cases of confirmed LTs that presented with non-state-dependent airway obstruction. An illustrative case report is presented. RESULTS: Twenty-one articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were found, reporting 24 cases (7 neonatal, 2 pediatric and 15 adults). The main presenting symptoms was dyspnea with increased work of breathing, followed by dysphagia and stridor most commonly in neonates. At least one imaging modality was performed in all patients. Thyroid function was altered in half the patients and normal in the other half. Th e LT was the only thyroid tissue in all cases except 2. Altogether, 5/24 patients required tracheostomies and two-thirds of the patients underwent surgical resection of the LT (mostly transoral). Also 2/3 of the patients received thyroid replacement therapy. After a median follow-up of 17 months, airway symptoms had fully resolved for all patients but one. CONCLUSION: While rare, ectopic LTs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of stridor, dyspnea and airway obstruction. In neonates, concomitant presence of hypothyroidism on neonatal screening and airway obstruction should prompt the search for a LT. Early identification and thyroid replacement therapy seem to significantly relieve symptoms of upper airway obstruction, but severe obstruction and concomitant airway lesions may require more definitive management approaches. PMID:35201391 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07310-0 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Anatomy of the greater occipital nerve: implications in posterior fossa approaches

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Anatomy of the greater occipital nerve: implications in posterior fossa approaches Via radiol anat Surg Radiol Anat. 2022 Feb 24. doi: 10.1007/s00276-022-02906-x. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Because of its superficial location in the dorsal regions of the scalp, the greater occipital nerve (GON) can be injured during neurosurgical procedures, resulting in post-operative pain and postural disturbances. The aim of this work is to specify the course of the GON and how its injuries can be avoided while performing posterior fossa approaches. METHODS: This st udy was carried out at the department of anatomy at Bordeaux University. 4 specimens were dissected to study the GON course. Posterior fossa approaches (midline suboccipital, paramedian suboccipital, retrosigmoid and petrosal) were performed on 4 other specimens to assess potential risks of GON injuries. RESULTS: The GON runs around the obliquus capitis inferior (100%), crosses the semispinalis capitis (100%) and the trapezius (75%) or its aponeurosis (25%). Direct GON injuries can be seen in paramedian suboccipital approaches. Stretching of the GON can occur in midline suboccipital and paramedian suboccipital approaches. We found no evidence of direct or indirect GON injury in retrosigmoid or petrosal approaches. CONCLUSION: Our study provides interesting data regarding the risk GON injury in posterior fossa approaches. Direct GON injuries in paramedian suboccipital approaches can be avoided with careful dissection. Placing retractors in contact with the periosteum and performing a minimal retraction may help to avoid excessive GON stretching in midline suboccipital and paramedian suboccipital approaches. Furthermore, the incision for retrosigmoid approaches should be as lateral as possible and not too caudal. Finally, avoiding extreme patient positioning reduces the risk of GON stretching in all approaches. PMID:35201375 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-022-02906-x View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Single‐cell transcriptomics in human skin research: available technologies, technical considerations, and disease applications

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Single‐cell transcriptomics in human skin research: available technologies, technical considerations, and disease applications Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Single-cell technologies have revolutionized research in the last decade, including for skin biology. Single-cell RNA sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool allowing the dissection of human disease pathophysiology at unprecedented resolution by assessing cell-to-cell variation, facilitating identification of rare cell populations and elucidating cellular heterogeneity. In dermatology, this technology has been widely applied to inflammatory skin disorders, fibrotic skin diseases, wound healing complications and cutaneous neoplasms. Here, we discuss the available technologies and technical considerations of single-cell RNA sequencing and describe its applications to a broad spectrum of dermatological diseases. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Phase II study of apatinib combined with temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma after failure of immunotherapy

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Phase II study of apatinib combined with temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma after failure of immunotherapy Via Melanoma Research - Published Ahead-of-Print Objective Treatment for advanced melanoma after progression on immunotherapy is limited. This phase II trial (NCT03422445) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib plus temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma after failure of immunotherapy. Methods Patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma after progression on immunotherapy were treated with temozolomide 300 mg on days 1–5 and apatinib 500 mg daily every 28-day cycle until disease progression or intolerable toxicities. Besides immunotherapy, prior chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and clinical trials were allowed. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. Secondary endpoints were objective response rate, disease control rate, overall survival, and safety. Results Of 29 patients, 28 (96.6%) had metastatic diseases, and the predominant subtypes were mucosal [12 (41.4%)] and acral melanoma [eight (27.6%)]. Five (17.2%) patients showed BRAF, CKIT, or NRAS mutation. Five achieved confirmed partial response, with an objective response rate of 17.2%. The disease control rate was 82.8%. The median progression-free survival was 5.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7–5.3], and the median overall survival was 10.1 months (95% CI: 5.1–15.0). Grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events included proteinuria [four (13.8%)], thrombocytopenia [two (6.9%)], hypertension [one (3.4%)], and hyperbilirubinemia [one (3.4%)]. No treatment-related death occurred. Conclusion Apatinib plus temozolomide demonstrated promising efficacy and manageable safety profile in patients with advanced melanoma after progression on immunotherapy. * Li Zhou and Yue Yang contributed equally to the writing of this article and are the co-first authors. Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.melanomaresearch.com. Received 11 November 2021 Accepted 25 January 2022 Correspondence to Chuanliang Cui, Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China, Tel: +8610 88196317 -mail: 1008ccl@163.com Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.