To do or not to do: prolapsed, bleeding, rectal polyp, a dilemma in austere circumstances

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader To do or not to do: prolapsed, bleeding, rectal polyp, a dilemma in austere circumstances Via Journal of Surgical Case Reports - current issue Abstract Polyps are defined as abnormal gro wth of tissue from a mucosal surface. Rectal polyps are the most common (2%) cause of gastro-intestinal bleed in children below 10 years. In adults, a rectal polyp presenting as an emergency with irreducible prolapse and massive bleeding causing severe anemia is seldom seen. We present one such case in which surgery was performed under austere circumstances before any investigations, as a life saving measure. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A complicated pulmonary hydatid cyst resembling a tumour in an adult on PET scan: a case report

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A complicated pulmonary hydatid cyst resembling a tumour in an adult on PET scan: a case report Via Journal of Surgical Case Reports - current issue Abstract Complicated pulmonary cysts have a wide range of possible diagnoses with different approaches as they can be benign or malignant. They can resemble malignancies in symptoms and imaging, mainly on positron emission tomography (PET) scan, which can increase the false positivity. We present an infected hydatid cyst resembling a malignancy as it presented with weight loss in a smoker and had necrosis and malignance features on computed tomography and PET scans. However, serology tests and fine needle aspiration were suggestive of a hydatid cyst, which made this case quite unique. Other diagnoses should always be suspected even if the malignancy was highly likely due to other lesions can resemble malignancies. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Scalp mass: an atypical presentation of multiple myeloma

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Scalp mass: an atypical presentation of multiple myeloma Via Journal of Surgical Case Reports - current issue Abstract A 64-year-old male with no histor y of trauma presented to the general surgery clinic with a 6-month history of an asymptomatic left parietal scalp mass. The differential included benign etiologies such as lipoma or sebaceous cyst. At surgery, a hemorrhagic soft tissue mass with underlying defect in the parietal calvarium was noted. The initial attempt at resection was abandoned and neurosurgical consultation was requested. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an enhancing scalp mass with a lytic lesion of the parietal calvarium with no intradural extension. Craniectomy with mass resection and mesh cranioplasty were performed. Pathology confirmed plasma cell neoplasm; serum protein electrophoresis and lytic skull lesions confirmed multiple myeloma. This rare presentation of multiple myeloma serves as a call for providers to maintain a broad differential when evaluating a seemingly benign mass, consider rare etiologies when appropriate and maintain vigilance for abnormal findings during any procedure. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Unusual disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection mimicking lymphoma

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Unusual disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection mimicking lymphoma in a non-immunosuppressed patient in East China: a case report and review of the literature Via BMC Infectious Diseases - Latest Articles Talaromyces marneffei infection is an important opportunistic infection associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, it is unusual in patients with non-AIDS and other non-immunosuppressed ... View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Hypoxia induces transcriptional and translational downregulation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway in multiple cancer cell types

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Hypoxia induces transcriptional and translational downregulation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway in multiple cancer cell types Via Cancer Research Online First Articles Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors and is strongly linked to hallmarks of cancer. Recent evidence has shown that hypoxia promotes local immune suppression. Type I IFN supports cytotoxic T lymphocytes by stimulating the maturation of dendritic cells (DC) and enhancing their capacity to process and present antigens. However, little is known about the relationship between hypoxia and the type I interferon (IFN) pathway, which comprises the sensing of double-stranded RNA and DNA (dsRNA/dsDNA) followed by IFNα/β secretion and transcriptional activation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG). In this study, we determined the effects of hypoxia on the type I IFN pathway in breast cancer and the mechanisms involved. In cancer cell lines and xenograft models, mRNA and protein expression of the type I IFN pathway were downregulated under hypoxic conditions. This pathway was suppressed at each level of signaling, from the dsRNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5, the adaptor MAVS, transcription factors IRF3, IRF7, and STAT1, and several ISG including RIG-I, IRF7, STAT1, and ADAR-p150. Importantly, IFN secretion was reduced under hypoxic conditions. HIF1α- and HIF2α-mediated regulation of gene expression did not explain most of the effects. However, ATAC-seq data revealed in hypoxia that peaks with STAT1 and IRF3 motifs had decreased accessibility. Collectively, these results indicate that hypoxia leads to an overall downregulation of the type I IFN pathway due to repressed transcription and lower chromatin accessibility in a HIF1/2α-independent manner, which could contribute to immunosuppression in hypoxic tumors. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Chromatin Looping Shapes KLF5-dependent Transcriptional Programs in Human Epithelial Cancers

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Chromatin Looping Shapes KLF5-dependent Transcriptional Programs in Human Epithelial Cancers Via Cancer Research Online First Articles Activation of transcription factors is a key driver event in cancer. We and others have recently reported that the Krüppel-like transcription factor KLF5 is activated in multiple epithelial cancer types including squamous cancer and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, yet the functional consequences and the underlying mechanisms of this activation remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that activation of KLF5 results in strongly selective KLF5 dependency for these cancer types. KLF5 bound lineage-specific regulatory elements and activated gene expression programs essential to cancer cells. HiChIP analysis revealed that multiple distal KLF5 binding events cluster and synergize to activate individual target genes. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry assays showed that KLF5 interacts with other transcription factors such as TP63 and YAP1, as well as the CBP/EP300 acetyltransferase complex. Furthermore, KLF5 guided the CBP/EP300 complex to increase acetylation of H3K27, which in turn enhanced recruitment of the bromodomain protein BRD4 to chromatin. The 3D chromatin architecture aggregated KLF5-dependent BRD4 binding to activate Polymerase II (POL2) elongation at KLF5-target genes, which conferred a transcriptional vulnerability to proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC)-induced degradation of BRD4. Our study demonstrates that KLF5 plays an essential role in multiple epithelial cancers by activating cancer-related genes through 3D chromatin loops, providing an evidence-based rationale for targeting the KLF5 pathway. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Chemotherapy-Induced Upregulation of Small Extracellular Vesicle-Associated PTX3 Accelerates Breast Cancer Metastasis

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Chemotherapy-Induced Upregulation of Small Extracellular Vesicle-Associated PTX3 Accelerates Breast Cancer Metastasis Via Cancer Research Online First Articles Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a standard component of breast cancer treatment, recent evidence suggests that chemotherapeutic drugs can promote metastasis through poorly-defined mechanisms. Here we utilize xenograft mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer to explore the importance of chemotherapy-induced tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) in metastasis. Doxorubicin (DXR) enhanced tumor cell sEV secretion to accelerate pulmonary metastasis by priming the pre-metastatic niche. Proteomic analysis and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing identified the inflammatory glycoprotein PTX3 enriched in DXR-elicited sEV as a critical regulator of chemotherapy-induced metastasis. Both genetic inhibition of sEV secretion from primary tumors and pharmacologic inhibition of sEV uptake in secondary organs suppressed metastasis following chemotherapy. Taken together, this research uncovers a mechanism of chemotherapy-mediated metastasis by which drug-induced upregulation of sEV sec retion and PTX3 protein cargo primes the pre-metastatic niche and suggests that inhibition of either sEV uptake in secondary organs or secretion from primary tumor cells may be promising therapeutic strategies to suppress metastasis. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.